PHY 101L Module Five Lab Report (1)

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Physics

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Feb 20, 2024

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PHY 101L Module Five Lab Report Name: Amber Smith Date: 10/1/2023 Complete this lab report by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Overview In this investigation, you’ll design an experiment to test the law of conservation of energy. Then you’ll perform that experiment. This is completely open-ended. This allows you to use whatever materials and data acquisition techniques that you would like! Safety Read all the instructions for this laboratory activity before beginning. Observe established laboratory safety practices. Safety goggles should be worn during this lab. Make sure the lab area is clear of pets, children, and breakable objects. Do not eat, drink, or chew gum while performing this activity. Wash your hands with soap and water before and after performing the activity. Clean up the work area with soap and water after completing the investigation. Keep pets and children away from lab materials and equipment. Time Requirements Preparation: 30 minutes Experiment: 30 minutes Materials Needed From the Lab Kit Tape measure Materials Needed but Not Supplied in the Lab Kit Stopwatch Calculator Pen and paper for notetaking Procedure 1. You’ll design an experiment to test the law of conservation of energy. This experiment should include the measurement of some kind of energy transformation. This could be energy transformations from gravitational or elastic potential energy to kinetic energy, from potential energy to kinetic energy, or from kinetic energy to potential energy. The possibilities are endless! You’re free to use materials from your Carolina Biological lab kit. Or you may use materials that you have around your home. In either case, always make sure that you are following safe laboratory practices. * If you are unsure whether the experiment you plan on designing includes the measurement of an energy transformation, consult with your instructor. a. Possible energy transformations include the following: i. Measuring the initial and final gravitational potential energies of a ball bounced
on a hard surface ii. Measuring the initial gravitational potential energy and final kinetic energy of a ball rolling down an inclined plane iii. Measuring the initial elastic potential energy and final gravitational potential energy of a rubber band or spring launched upward from the ground 2. Once you’ve identified all of the materials needed for your experiment, gather all of your needed materials, a timing device, a tape measure, and pen and paper for note-taking. 3. Next, perform your experiment. Take note of all the data that you collect and any calculations that you use. Some equations that might be helpful include the following: kinetic energy = ½ mass x velocity 2 gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational acceleration x height elastic potential energy = ½ spring constant x displacement 2 total initial energy = total final energy 4. Using your calculations, determine whether or not energy was conserved in your experiment. If energy was not conserved, explain why you feel that it was not conserved. Lab Questions 1. Explain the procedures you used to perform your experiment. This should include all of the materials that you used, the procedure that you followed, as well as any calculations used in your experiment. Include sufficient detail so that a fellow student could follow your instructions and complete your experiment exactly as you did. For my experiment I am using the steel ball, digital scale, measuring tape, stopwatch, protractor, books to change the angle of the incline and the angle bar. I will stack the books with the angle bar on them. I will do 3 separate lengths and time each length twice. I will stack the books as needed. I need to weigh the steel ball on the scale and measure the length of the angle bar from top to bottom. The angle bar is 80cm so I will mark 20, 40 and 60cm. I will start with releasing and stopping at 20, then releasing and stopping at 40, releasing and stopping at 60. The equations to use in this experiment will include one to find acceleration which is a=2d/t2 The next equation is gravitational energy equation mass x gravitational acceleration x height. Last we can use the kinetic energy equation, ½ mass x velocity2. 2. What type(s) of energy did you measure in your experiment? I measured kinetic energy and potential energy. 3. Explain the transfer of energy. In your experiment, what was your initial form of energy? What form of energy was it converted to? If there were multiple transfers of energy occurring in your experiment, detail each of them below.
The ball at the top of the incline is potential energy. Once it goes down the incline it is kinetic energy. If the ball comes to a stop at the bottom it can convert back to potential until something pushes it again. 4. Include your data in both table and graph format below. Use proper titles and labels on your table and graph. Trial # Angle bar length Mass of steel ball Acceleratio n Tim e Gravitation al potential energy Kineti c Energ y Height Velocit y 1 20cm/ 0.2m 67.7g/ 0.067kg 4.4m/s2 0.3 0.065 0.01J 10cm/ 0.1m 0.66m/ s 2 20/0.2m 67.7g/ 0.067kg 3.9m/s2 0.3 2 0.065 0.013 J 10cm/ 0.1m 0.63m/ s 3 40/0.4m 67.7g/ 0.067kg 3.2m/s2 0.5 0.065 0.02J 10cm/ 0.1m 0.8m/s 4 40/0.4m 67.7g/ 0.067kg 2.55m/s2 0.5 6 0.065 0.016 J 10cm/ 0.1m 0.71m/ s 5 60/0.6m 67.7g/ 0.067kg 2.38m/s2 0.7 1 0.065 0.02J 10cm/ 0.1m 0.84m/ s 6 60/0.6m 67.7g/ 0.067kg 2.19m/s2 0.7 4 0.065 0.02J 10cm/ 0.1m 0.81m/ s 5. Include any calculations that you used to analyze your data below. I converted cm to m by dividing by 100, grams to kg by dividing by 1000. The acceleration was 2d/t^2. The graviational potential energy was found by mgh with the height being 10 cm or 0.10m for the height the incline was off the ground. The velocity was found by distance/time for
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each trial. The Kinetic energy was found by 1/2mv^2 6. Describe whether or not you think that energy was conserved. If energy was not conserved, explain your reasoning and what you think might account for the “missing energy.” Use evidence to support your reasoning. I think the energy was conserved. The potential energy has a value and then it converts to kinetic energy. It does not just disappear or become zero.