2720 final exam review questions

Chapter 8: 1. Milgram’s obedience studies best demonstrate the idea that: a. People are inherently evil. b. People are more obedient to authority figures than was previously thought. c. Exposure to violence on TV and in movies has made humans less compassionate for fellow human beings. d. People should never listen to what their superiors tell them to do. e. People are more influenced by normative social influence than by informational social influence. 2. Recently you received a speeding ticket and need to face a judge in court. At your hearing, the judge demands that you must pay a fine of $250. Reluctantly, you leave the hearing and go directly to pay the fine. Which of the following best describes your actions in this scenario? a. Conformity b. Compliance c. Obedience d. All of the above e. None of the above 3. Sharif’s experiment on the autokinetic effect demonstrated that: a. Once people make a small commitment, they are likely to make a larger commitment. b. Unambiguous judgments produce more conformity than ambiguous judgments. c. There are major gender differences in conformity. d. In ambiguous situations, individual judgments are influenced by norms established by a group. e. All of the above.

Chapter 9: 1. Erich Fromm (1955) wrote, “Love is often nothing but a favourable exchange between two people who get the most of what they can expect, considering their value on the personality market.” Although a bit cynical, this description of relationships is most compatible with the _______ theory of attraction. a. social exchange b. equity c. comparison level d. balance 2. Which of the following quotes about love most directly aligns with research findings on the propinquity effect? a. I knew I loved you before I met you. b. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. c. It wasn't love at first sight exactly, it was familiarity. It was growing to love you. d. When love is not madness, it is not love. e. Opposites attract. 3. Which of the following best describes the term “fatal attraction” as it is used by relationship psychologists? a. If partners become deeply infatuated with one another when they first start dating, their relationship is more likely to ‘fizzle out’ later on. b. Individuals often subconsciously seek out partners who are not good for them. c. Attributes that first attract someone to their partner, often become the traits that they dislike the most about their partner at the time of their breakup. d. The tendency for those with avoidant attachment styles and anxious attachment styles to form relationships, despite their stark differences. e. When partners argue frequently, they often report greater sexual satisfaction than couples who argue less often. 4. Recall that through either photographic or computer technology, researchers can make a composite (or “averaged”) face out of any number of individual faces. When people are asked to rate the attractiveness of composite faces relative to individual faces, a. men tend to prefer composite faces, but women tend to prefer individual faces. b. men tend to prefer individual faces, but women tend to prefer composite faces. c. regardless of gender, people tend to prefer composite faces. d. regardless of gender, people tend to prefer individual faces. e. regardless of gender, people rate composite faces and individual faces as equally attractive. 5. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding adult attachment? a. Individual’s early life experiences influence their attachment style in adulthood b. Attachment styles are relatively stable across time c. Attachment styles are rigid and fixed for life d. Individuals may have different attachment styles for different relationships in their lives (e.g., one may be securely attached to a romantic partner but anxiously attached to a best friend) e. All of the above statements are true

Chapter 12: 1. In order for social facilitation to occur, the minimum requirement is the: a. presence of those with whom one is interacting. b. concern about how others will evaluate us. c. interdependence of actor and audience. d. feedback from at least one other person. e. mere presence of others. 2. Which of the following statements captures the persuasive arguments account of why group polarization occurs? Discussing an issue in a group: a. exposes group members to even more arguments in favor of the position that the average group member was already inclined to take. b. exposes group members to arguments that contradict their original positions. c. gives each person a chance to state his or her opinion out loud, which increases his or her commitment to that opinion. d. increases group members’ motivation to reach a consensus. 3. Which of the following would likely be demonstrated by someone who holds little power? a. They would be more likely to shoplift b. They would be more likely to display inappropriate sexual behaviors in the workplace c. They would be less able to see things from others’ perspectives and less able to accurately judge others’ emotions d. All of the above e. None of the above 4. When I (Prof. Haynes) was in Grade 10, I arrived at school one day only to realize that I had forgotten to comb my hair that morning (this was when I still had hair!) I was mortified that everyone was going to notice my messy hair. Research on the spotlight effect would suggest that I likely: a. underestimated the degree to which my classmates noticed my messy hair. b. overestimated the degree to which my classmates noticed my messy hair. c. accurately estimated the degree to which my classmates noticed my messy hair. d. would have made a more accurate estimate of the degree to which classmates noticed my messy hair if I was female, rather than male e. would have made a more accurate estimate of the degree to which classmates noticed my messy hair if I was from a collectivistic culture, rather than an individualistic one

Chapter 13: 1. Which research findings below provide the most sound evidence that excessive heat causes greater aggression? a. Compared to students who took a test in a normal temperature room, test-taking students in a 32ºC room were more likely to express hostility toward a stranger. b. In cities all over the country, riots are more likely to occur on hot days than on cold days. c. Throughout the history of Major League Baseball, more batters have been hit by pitched balls on hot days than on cool days. d. There are fewer riots in Canadian cities than there are in American cities. e. In Phoenix, drivers without air conditioning are more likely to honk at others than drivers with air conditioning. 2. The Pygmies of Central Africa and the Arapesh of New Guinea live in peace and harmony. Formerly peace-loving, the Iroquois became a fierce and aggressive Native American tribe in the seventeenth century. These examples illustrate that: a. humans will always eventually exhibit aggressive tendencies. b. in humans, innate behavioural patterns, including aggression, are infinitely malleable and modifiable. c. there are strong regional differences in the endorsement of aggression as a solution to social problems. d. humans, lacking inhibitory mechanisms, must rely on cultural norms to curb aggression. e. frustration often contributes to aggression in otherwise peaceable societies. 3. Elliot is driving from London to Toronto and they have been stuck in a huge traffic jam for over two hours. As each minute passes, Elliot gets more and more frustrated. A person in the car beside Elliot’s car starts honking their horn constantly. This makes Elliot angrier, since honking a horn will not make the traffic move. Elliot rolls down their window and starts yelling profanities and insults at the person honking their horn. Which of the following best describes Elliot’s behavior? a. Elliot is demonstrating general aggression b. Elliot is demonstrating hostile aggression c. Elliot is demonstrating both general and hostile aggression d. Elliot is a sociopath e. Unable to determine based on the information given

Answers: Chapter 8: 1: b; 2: c; 3: d Chapter 9: 1: a; 2: c; 3. c; 4: c; 5: c Chapter 10: 1: c; 2: a; 3: b Chapter 12: 1: e; 2: a; 3: e; 4: b Chapter 13: 1: a; 2: b; 3: c Chapter 14 1: b; 2: a; 3: c; 4: e