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School

Pima Community College *

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130

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Philosophy

Date

Jan 9, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by ChiefDolphin3008

Assignment 3 Submission Form Do NOT open this form in any application other than Microsoft Word. Otherwise, your form will not be accepted. You are required to install and use Microsoft Word for this course. You have free access through PCC, as described in my announcement on D2L. You must submit this form ( in docx format), and you must submit ONLY this one form. If you try to submit more than one item, only the most recent item will be saved. You may not change, add, or remove any content on this form other than to add your answers in the spaces provided. Part A: (7 points) 1) Explain what an argument is and what logical fallacies are. Note by "argument", I don't mean a fight or disagreement. An argument is a claim that needs to be supported by evidence. To build an argument, one needs to critically asses the information relevant to the particular topic being discussed. An argument is a counterclaim against a certain viewpoint. An argument typically is supported by evidence. Ligical fallacies are error of reasoning that typically weaken ones argument. 2) Define the ten logical fallacies referred to in the video and give an example for each. 1. Circular reasoning: an argument that is restated rather than proven. For example “Diet coke is not good because it doesn’t taste great”. In restating the original argument as proof it weakness it, because there is no real evidence given. 2. Hasty generalization: when one makes a claim without consideration of all the facts. Example: An elderly comes across seven rude tennagers. The elder comes to a conclusion that all teenagers are rude and moody. This is a hasty generalization because it is based on a tiny piece of evidence. 3. Slippery slope: a domino effect, basically when one small event

leads to a chain of events resulting in a significant event. Because A happened B, C, D, E… which lead to P. Example: I forgot my pencil which lead me to not be able to take notes which lead to me having a flat tire. 4. Ad Hominem: Attacking a persons character to discret that persons argument. Example: If a man tells a women she can not lift as much as him simply because she is a woman. 5. False Dichotomy: providing two arguments, ignoring other points, in order to narrow the argument to ones favorite persons favor. Example: “You are either for us or against” 6. Appeal to emotion: Emotional based language in or to persuade the listener towards that belief. Example: imagine how much your child will suffer if you vote for X. 7. Equivation: the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth. Basically to deceive from the true purpose of the argument. “Chocolate is the best candy in the world. Therefore it is better than gummies, because it is the best candy in the world”. 8. Badwogen appeal: An appeal that presents the thoughts of a group of people in order to persuade someone to think the same way. Example “everyone likes the cardinals, so they must be a good team” 9. False analogy: two things that are not alike are being compared based on trivial similarity in order to prove a point. Example: Jehnna and Vita both drive nissans, since Jehnna is a doctor, Vita may also be a Doctor. 10. Staw man: someone distorts an opponent’s claim so that is easier to refute, or where someone tries to refute a point a point someone made by giving a rebuttal to a point they did not make. Example: a teacher recommends longer class lecture, a person replying “no, because that means giving a perfect score to all students”. 3) Which fallacy or fallacies do you struggle with a lot (i.e., still don't

understand)? I think the fallacay I struggle with a lot is False analogy or straw man. I like to add comparisons in order to make the argument seem more understandable, but I did not realize it was weakening my argument. 4) Watch the video about the case of Brittany Maynard. What is the argument behind her decision? The reason she chose to have access to the death-with-dignity law was because it provided much relief to her that she can decide whene enough is enough. It allows her to die in peace instead of the way they described it to her. Outline the premise and the conclusion and include the ethical dilemmas presented in this case. The presmise of the video is her choice to take the medication that will cause her death. She decides to have this option so that she may die in peace instead of suffering. This dilemma is related to the euthanasia dilemma. Who are we to play God, in taking ones life or our own. Part B: Interview a friend (10 points) Write five multiple choice quiz questions on fallacies and quiz your chosen participant. Include in your assignment the quiz questions your asked and how your chosen participant scored. 1. “Coke is nasty, because it does not taste good”. What type of fallacy is this? a. Strawman b. False analogy c. Ciruclar reasoning d. Ad Hominem 2. What fallacy appeals to emotion? a. Ad hominem b. Badwagon appeal

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c. False dichotomy d. Appeal to emotions 3. What is an example of false dichotomy a. Imagine how your child will feel if X happens b. You are either for us or against us c. All teenagers are rude d. If you lose a pencil you will become homeless 4. Slippery slope is what? a. Emotional based language b. Two things that are not alike being compared on a trival similarity in order to prove a point. c. When one small event leads to another resulting in a significant event 5. It’s ridiculous to talk about more restrictionson handguns. Even if the law is passed there would always be criminals who are willing to break the law. a. Bandwagon b. Strawman c. Appeal to force d. Red herring They did pretty well only missed one question was number 3. My interviewer is a teacher so that makes sense. Which fallacy or fallacies, if any, did your chosen participant struggle with the most? False Dichotomy Reflect on the purpose and benefits of part B of this exercise. To see the perspective and knowledge of others. Part C: From this module's readings (8 points) What are the criteria that define an ethical dilemma?

Options that all fall under moral principals How does the principle of Ethical Principlism apply to nursing practices? Nurses must do no harm intentionally, they must consider a patients autonomy, beneficence, distributive justice, non mafesance.

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