2_Worksheet Herakles

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Philosophy

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Apr 3, 2024

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Herakles the Universal Hero Identification from Top Hat Reading - Farnese Hercules , Nemean Lion, Apples of the Hesperides - 10.5 ft marble statue - Heracles leaning with left arm over club with Nemean lion skin draped over - emphasizing rest - right arm behind his back with Apples of the Hesperides - entices viewer, just finished 11th labor Terms Names: Herakles (Hercules), Amphitryon, Alkmene, Iphikles, Eurysthenes, Megara, Deianeira, Nessos, Hebe The Twelve Labors of Herakles (The Nemean Lion, The Lernaia Hydra, The Cerynitian Deer, The Erymanthian Boar, The Stables (Cattle) of Augeias, The Stymphalian Birds, The Cretan Bull, The Mares of Diomedes, The War-Belt of Hippolyte, The Cattle of Geryones, The Apples of the Hesperides, Cerberos) Concepts Pathos (suffering, passion, anything that befalls someone) and Kleos (glory, fame)

Parergon (side-work or supplementary work) Herakles and Culture (Andron, Farnese Hercules) Herakles and Philosophy (Herodorus, On Heracles ; Xenophon, The Choice of Heracles in Mermorabilia ) Herakles and Legitimization of Rule (Arrian, ‘Worship of Alexander the Great’ in Anabasis , Commodus and Heracles) Short Answer 1. What philosophical purpose does the myth of ‘Choice of Heracles’ serve in Xenophon’s Memorabilia (c. 430-355 BC)? - wisdom - suffering/hard work/fame/honor - virtue (arete) > vice (kakia) - passion/eros/pleasure - in the form of two women telling him to pick them 2. Give two specific examples of Herodorus’ (c. late 5 th -4 th century BC) allegorical interpretations of the Labors of Heracles? - Lion Skin: his noble purpose is the lions skin; a lion is a noble animal - Three apples: three virtues of not growing angry, not loving money, and not loving pleasure. 3. What does Andron’s (c. 4 th century BC) etiological myth reveal about Herakles being viewed as a bringer of culture? - bringer of custom of cremation - first to cremate a corpse (Argeios) - out of necessity because promised Argeios’ father to bring Argeios home but couldn’t after his death so burned the body 4. Based on your reading of Arrian’s (c. 86-160 AD) Anabasis , give two ways in which Heracles is linked to Alexander the Great. - supposedly a descendent of Heracles - worshiped like a god similar to Heracles 5. Based on your VAPA reading, give one example of how the original location of the Farnese Hercules may explain a Roman understanding Hercules as a bringer of culture. - patron of athletics/baths - bathed in the thermae - came to Rome and drained a stream after 10th labor → place for his worship

6. From Apollodorus’ accounts of Heracles youth (K2) and his Death (K21), give three examples of how females (mortal and immortal) function as catalysts for Heracles’ pathos and kleos . - youth - slept w/ Thespios’ 50 daughters - pathos - received Creon’s eldest daughter Megara for defending Thebes - killed her and children in fit of madness - death - Deianeira - burned up by centaur blood - Hera, Megara, Iole, Omphale, Deianeria, Hebe 7. Give two examples of different parerga (sg. parergon ) in Apollodorus’ account of Herakles’ twelve labors (K3-K14). - alongside the works/side works - Heracles was here, along the way of labors - can explain colonization, bringing of culture - Prometheus in Caucasus Mountains - Cychos of Thessaly - Antaeus of Libya (giant) 8. Based on your reading in Apollodorus (K15-K20), give three examples of how Herakles’ kleos is linked to events after the twelve labors. - won archery contest but refused to give Iole - took Delphic tripod to establish own oracle - fight Apollo - immortal - killed Eurypylos and defeated giants alongside the gods - founded the Olympic Games, established altar to Pelops 9. Based on your reading in Buxton, which of Herakles’ labors took place outside of the Peloponnese? a. 8-12 10. Based on your reading in Buxton, what makes Herakles descendants different than other Greek heroes? - can become a god after death - collective destiny - They were all persecuted by Eurystheus and returned to the Peloponnese that they claimed as their birthright after Eurystheus died. Essay Question In the TED ED video we watched in class, the narrator claims that “through his labors Hercules tamed the world’s madness by atoning for his own.” Do you believe this is a sufficient explanation for the universal appeal of Herakles in the Greek and Roman world? Using at least two of your primary sources (i.e. Apollodorus, Xenophon, Andron, Arrian, Herodorus), explain your answer.

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Xenophon - Choice of Heracles - vice (kakia) vs virtue (arete, eudaimonia) - choosing between the two women Herodorus - labors - heavens - Nemean lion skin, club - three apples (anger, love of money, pleasure) - 11th labor - ends of the earth - seeking wisdom and bringing it to the ends of the earth Andron - bringer of culture - cremation - also Roman baths (not Andron - after 11th labor) Arrian - divine kingship, connection to Alexander the Great - need to assert authority of Persia who believe in king-gods but can’t say he’s a god bc taboo - descendent of Heracles, will become a god later - legitimizes rule Heraklids - Peloponnese/Dorians - first 6 labors - all within Peloponnese - more close by - rest - all to the ends of the Mediterranean often worshiped as a god since he becomes one - also a protector - many many epithets/places labors - many themes/interpretations - multiple about taming wild beasts - hydra, lion, boar, bull, etc. - 12th labor - cerberus - overcoming death - maintaining societal order, spreading philosophy

2_Worksheet Herakles

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