Introduction to in-class debate (3)

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University Canada West *

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MISC

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Philosophy

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Oct 30, 2023

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5/1/2023 1 Debate To provide you an opportunity to: • employ critical thinking • work in groups • negotiate ideas • understand logical flaws • showcase language abilities What is a Debate? • an argument with rules • two teams present a resolution (sometimes called a proposition) or topic that they will debate • One team is for the resolution (PRO or affirmative) and the other team is (AGAINST or negative) • a judge decides at the end of the debate who is the winner (based on point system) 1 2

5/1/2023 2 Debate Overview The basic debate style has the following key features: • there are two teams in each debate • each team is comprised of three speakers and one cross-examiner • each team is assigned a side: • the Affirmative , who argue in favor of a topic; and • the Negative , who argue against it. • a topic is set for each debate • each speaker speaks for a set period of time (example: 3 minutes) • speakers alternate between the teams, from First Affirmative through to Third Negative, as follows: (next slide) Debate Overview First Affirmative Third Affirmative Second Affirmative Cross - examiner First Negative Third Negative Second Negative Cross - examiner 3 4

5/1/2023 3 Debate Overview • contextualize the debate and define any unclear parts of the motion make 2-3 arguments in favor of the motion • re-contextualize the debate and resolve any definitional issues • rebut the arguments made by the First Affirmative make 2-3 arguments in favor of the motion • rebut the arguments made by the First Negative • make 2-3 arguments in favor of the motion • rebut the arguments made by the Affirmative so far • make 2-3 arguments in favor of the motion • rebut and summarize the debate • rebut and summarize the debate Logical Fallacies • ask questions to each of the Negative debaters • ask questions to each of the Affirmative Debaters 5 6

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5/1/2023 4 Systematic Methods of Refutation: Four-Step Refutation 1. Clearly state the argument you intend to refute. 2. State your refutation. 3. Relate your refutation to the argument you are refuting. 4. Show the judge or audience the importance of your refutation. Examples of Refutation: Four-Step Refutation 1. Clearly state the argument you intend to refute: “The proposition team claims that increased fines will provide an economic incentive for companies to improve workplace safety.” 2. State your refutation: “The ten thousand dollar fine is not a sufficient incentive to cause companies to invest in expensive equipment needed to improve mine safety.” 3. Relate your refutation to the argument you are refuting: “Since the incentive is not sufficient, the plan proposed by the proposition will not create an economic incentive.” 4. Show the judge or audience the importance of your refutation: “ Without an economic incentive, coal mining companies will not invest in new equipment and mine safety will not be increased. Therefore none of the benefits claimed by the proposition team will actually occur.” 7 8

5/1/2023 5 Systematic Methods of Refutation: ICE I . Identify the opposing argument C . Criticize the opposing argument E . Explain the importance of the criticism Examples of Refutation: ICE Identify the opposing argument: “The proposition team claims that increased fines will provide an economic incentive for companies to improve workplace safety.” Criticize the opposing argument: “The ten thousand dollar fine is not a sufficient incentive to cause companies to invest in expensive equipment needed to improve mine safety.” “Since the incentive is not sufficient, the plan proposed by the proposition will not create an economic incentive.” Explain the importance of the criticism: “Without an economic incentive, coal mining companies will not invest in new equipment and mine safety will not be increased. Therefore none of the benefits claimed by the proposition team will actually occur.” 9 10