Highlights & Notes_ Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing
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Jersey College, School of Nursing *
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Medicine
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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Highlights & Notes: Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing
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chapter 3
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CHAPTER 44 Nursing Care of Patients With Sexually Transmitted
Infections
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
STI -can be passed from one individual to another through
intimate contact with the genitals, mouth, or rectum. Other
spreading routes would be through blood or body fluid
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A nurse’s best protection against diseases from blood and body fluids
of infected patients is the strict practice of standard precautions and
good hand hygiene.
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strict
The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion creates
10-year health objectives for the US a public health initiative
called “Healthy People”. *** FUN Fact — I’m 2018 witnessed the
highest rate of chlamydia ,gonorrhea, and syphilis ever recorded
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Physically, STIs can cause tremendous suffering because of pain,
scarring of genitourinary structures, damage to other body organs,
infertility, nervous system damage, development of cancer, and
adverse pregnancy outcomes including birth defects and even death
of infected patients and sometimes their children.
Side Notes
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Risk factors for STIs include the following:
• Inconsistent/inappropriate use of a condom for each anal, oral,
or vaginal sex act • Sexual activity with multiple and/or
anonymous partners • Use of mind-altering substances prior to
and during sexual activity, such as drugs or alcohol • Social
determinants of health, such as poverty and unstable housing
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communication techniques
Effective communication techniques: nonjudgmental, be
sensitive to the patient’s Maintaining an open posture and eye
contact (if appropriate for the patient’s culture) relays a sense of
openness and willingness to talk.
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BE SAFE! AVOID FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE!
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AVOID FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE
Be sure to education your patient about safer sex methods and
supplies . Make patient aware of signs and symptoms . Refrain
from sexual contact until they confirmed status and receive
possible treatment
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DISORDERS AND SYNDROMES RELATED TO SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
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Vulvovaginitis
Causes can be due to sexually and non sexually transmitted
infectious agent .Vulvovaginitis -is an inflammation of the vulva
and vagina. It can be asymptomatic or involve redness, itching,
burning, excoriation, pain, swelling of the vagina and labia,
and/or discharge. Description- the odor, consistency, and color
of the discharge vary with the different microbes involved Can
cause irritations from creams or bubble baths. See chart on 826
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Bartholin glands
produces vaginal lubrication, can develop abscesses as a result
of infection with STIs, such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, or
nonsexually transmitted microbes.
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Urethritis
STIs /nonsexually transmitted microorganisms can cause
urethritis in men and women. Men: prostate, and epididymis can
result in difficult, painful, and frequent urination and a urethral
discharge. Discharge may be clear, cloudy, or yellow. Women:
may have similar symptoms or lack but in addition women
develop mucopurlent cervicitis
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Some causative agents
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma
genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis,
Candida albicans, and herpes simplex virus. M. genitalium is the
most common cause of persistent or recurrent nongonococcal
urethritis.
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Mucopurulent Cervicitis Mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) is an
inflammation of the cervix.
produce mucopurulent yellow discharge or exudate on the
cervix or have “NO” noticeable symptoms Common Issue :
1.experience intermenstrual bleeding, typically after sexual
activity 2. MPC during pregnancy can result in conjunctivitis and
pneumonia in newborns. It can also cause puerperal infection in
the mother. Not treated promptly may spread up the genital tract
to become PID
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Pathophysiology and Etiology
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These organisms can invade the endocervical canal, resulting in
inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis), and move upward, resulting in
infection of the endometrium (endometritis), fallopian tubes
(salpingitis), and pelvic cavity
results in extensive scarring and adhesions, which can cause
infertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy
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Increased risk for PID occurs with a history of multiple sexual
partners, STIs, substance abuse, frequent vaginal douching, and
insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD).
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Signs and Symptoms
Women :lower abdominal pain and tenderness, purulent vaginal
discharge or vaginal bleeding, pain with sexual intercourse,
fever, nausea and vomiting, and pain with urination. They may
also present with no symptoms.
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chapter 3
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Diagnostic Tests To diagnose PID
Review medical history perform a pelvic exam. obtain urinalysis,
ultrasonography, endometrial biopsy, laparoscopy and/or vaginal
fluid for microscopy. STIs can be identified through positive
culture. Urinary tract infection may need to be ruled out.
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Therapeutic Measures
For serious infection - IV/ hospitalization may be needed ** IV
therapy can be changed to oral therapy after 48 hours if there’s
improvement
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Laparoscopic surgery
may be done to release adhesions and reduce complications.
Testing and treatment for other STIs should be considered for
both the patient and partner. Education on the cause of the
infection and prevention of future episodes is critical for the
patient’s and their partner(s)’s sexual health.
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and Highlights is for personal, private use only. Notes
created by user are not part of publisher content. No part of
this book may be reproduced or transmitted without
publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.