Lab8_Brain
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Central Texas College *
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168
Subject
Medicine
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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docx
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Hands On Lab: Brain (7Activities)
Submission instructions
Type your answers and copy all pictures directly into this Word document. Submit
it via the blackboard submission link in Word format (docx).
Introduction:
The brain is the control center of the body. This lab will help you understand the different
parts of the brain and their functions. Focus on being able to ID the regions/structures
and then add in their function. This is a complex, amazing organ!
Watch/Read These
:
This dissection video on the human brain is from the
Utah School of Medicine and goes
into detail on the meninges
(Link opens in new window: 15min). There are 26 other
videos on various parts of the human brain for those of you that are interested; just
scroll up and down on that site.
The two articles linked below are brief and interesting. These articles are from a few
years ago and are not peer reviewed, but are from reputable publications. They are a
good starting point if you wanted to start digging deeper into these topics.
How Much of the Brain Can a Person Do Without?
(link opens in new window)
Is this the most extraordinary brain ever seen?
(link opens in new window)
These aid in thinking about the importance of surface area in the brain and the plasticity
of the human brain.
Activity 1: Virtual Sheep Brain Dissection
In the laboratory, we dissect sheep brains because their parts and structure are similar
to the human brain. The virtual sheep brain dissection laboratory will mimic the activity
we would do in lab and teach you the basics of brain anatomy.
Virtual Sheep Brain Dissection
(opens new window)
Please see the
Module 4 Lab Study Objectives
for all of the structures you are
responsible for. You are not required to learn any markings in the virtual lab that are not
on this list.
Activity 2: Identifying Major Brain Regions
The brain is divided into four major regions. Below, you will be identifying the major
regions (A-D) in the picture AND completing the table by giving a brief description of
1
each region’s function (Ex: What is the main function of the brainstem, what’s its main
job(s)?)
Region (A-D)
Function
1.
Brainstem= Letter: C
2.
Responsible for essential functions
like sleep, heart rate, blood pressure,
maintaining consciousness and
breathing.
3.
Diencephalon= Letter: B
4.
Coordinate the release of hormones
with the endocrine system, relay
motor and sensory signals, and
regulate the sleep and wake cycle.
5.
Cerebellum= Letter: D
6.
Coordinates voluntary movements
and motor skills functions like posture,
coordination, and balance
7.
Cerebrum= Letter: A
8.
It coordinates and initiates movement
and helps in temperature regulation.
Activity 3: Brainstem and Diencephalon Subdivisions
The brainstem and diencephalon each contain 3 subdivisions. Fill in the blanks in the
table below so that each subdivision is stated and has its function and brain region
listed. Ex: the first row is asking for the function of the epithalamus which is located in
the diencephalon region of the brain. For the second row, you need to identify the
subdivision based on the given function and brain region.
2
Subdivision
Function
Brain Region
Epithalamus
9.
9.
Responsible for
melatonin secretion
and regulating
emotions and motor
pathways
Diencephalon
10.
Medulla Oblongata
Breathing/Heart rate
Brainstem
Midbrain
Sensory Reflexes
11.
Brainstem
Hypothalamus
12.
Regulates the
temperature of the
body, secretion of
hormones, thirst, and
hunger
13.
Diencephalon
Pons
14.
Diencephalon
Brainstem
15.
Thalamus
Sensory Relay Center
Diencephalon
Activity 4: Diencephalon Region Labeling
Use the diagram below to answer #16 through #21.
Write the letter from the above diagram that corresponds with the structures listed.
16. Infundibulum: D
17. Pineal Gland: B
18. Thalamus: A
3
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19. Pituitary Gland: E
20. Hypothalamus: F
21. Subthalamus: C
Activity 5:
Cerebellar Region Labeling
The Cerebellum plays a large role in balance, locomotion, and coordination. While it is
only approximately 10% of brain volume, it contains over 50% of the total number of
neurons in the brain to aid the human body in regulating and coordinating motor
movements. For each part of the brain (cerebellum and brainstem) in the diagram
below, state what structure corresponds to each letter.
22. A: Midbrain
23. B: Pons
24. C: Medulla Oblongata
25. D: Arbor Vitae
26. E: Folia
27. F: Vermis
Activity 6:
Ventricles
When we think about the ventricles, we are thinking about the production and flow of
cerebrospinal fluid in the CNS. In the diagram on the next page, Label the following
(#28 through #32):
28. Lateral ventricle
29. Interventricular foramen
30. Third ventricle
31. Cerebral aqueduct
32. Fourth ventricle
4
Activity 7: Cranial Nerves: Labeling and Functions
Most of the head and shoulders are under the control of one of the 12 cranial nerves,
including all of the special senses, somatic senses, and motor functions.
Cranial nerves
may be tricky to learn at first so try a Mnemonic to aid you in learning. For example:
O
n
O
ccasion
O
ur
T
rusty
T
ruck
A
cts
F
unny
V
ery
G
ood
V
ehicle
A
ny
H
ow
Once you feel comfortable with the terms and then the labeling of the cranial nerves,
you can start to add in the functions of each.
Looking at the diagram on the next page, state the name of each of the identified cranial
nerves.
33. Optic Nerve
34. Abducens Nerve
35. Trigeminal Nerve
36. Hypoglossal Nerve
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37. Accessory Nerve
38. Choose one cranial nerve that you did not identify in the diagram above and state its
name AND function (both must be correct for credit)
Oculomotor Nerve.
It permits the eye muscle movement, pupil construction, focusing
the upper eyelid position and eyes.
39. Choose one more cranial nerve that you did not identify in the diagram above and
state its name AND function (both must be correct for credit)
Trochlear Nerve.
Facilitates eye movement in the superior oblique muscle.
For the next set of questions, identify the cranial nerve (any of the 12) based on the
given function or clinical test.
40. Sensory impulses as associated with equilibrium and hearing.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
41. Motor impulses to muscles that move the tongue - Hypoglossal Nerve
6
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42. Sensory impulses associated with smell
Olfactory Nerve
43. Motor impulses to lateral rectus muscles that move the eyes laterally
Abducens Nerve
44. The patient is asked to cough and swallow. The gag reflex may be tested. Speaking
ability may be assessed
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
45. Patient is asked to rotate head/shrug shoulders normally and with resistance
Accessory Nerve
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