Preparing Hospital Drugs: Key Concepts for Pharm Tech Students

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Student Name Tina White Student ID 304409 Lesson Preparing Hospital Drugs Institution Bryan University Online Session Oct 23 Course Pharm Tech Instructor Jessica Collins Final Report Test Your Knowledge Pharm Tech Preparing Hospital Drugs Drugs that are administered via a route outside of the digestive system. Contains liquid or powder in plastic or glass containers with soft rubber stoppers. Small sealed glass containers filled with ﬂuid. Method of delivery for intravenous medications. Match each term with the best description. Parenteral drugs Vial Ampule IV bag 1 2 3 4

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Exploration Exercise 1 Correctly order each step of the use in Investigation New Drugs in a hospital pharmacy with the first step on the top and the last step on the bottom. The Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee establishes policies and procedures regarding the protocols needed for handling the INDs. The prescribing doctor provides authorization from the study sponsor and prescribes the IND to a patient. The pharmacy prepares the IND. Nurses administer the IND products to the patient. Unused or expired portions are returned to the manufacturer. Vials can be either single dose or multidose. True False Medication must be injected into the IV bag through the spiking port. True False ____________ generally administer the IND products to the patients. Pharmacy technicians Nurses Physicians Pharmacists

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Photo 1: Syringe Filled from Vial In this exercise, did you use a single-use vial or a multi-use vial? Explain your answer. I used a multi-use vial. It had more than one dose in it. What was the purpose of the filter needle when drawing medication out of the ampule? To catch any broken glass Why did you need to push air into the vial before filling the syringe but not before filling the ampule? When filling a syringe from a vial, you need to inject air into the vial first to equalize the pressure. If you don't, it creates a vacuum inside the vial, making it diﬃcult to draw the liquid out. The air you inject into the vial replaces the volume of liquid you're going to withdraw, maintaining the internal pressure and making it easier to draw the liquid into the syringe. On the other hand, ampules are single-use containers that are sealed by melting the thin top neck of the glass. To access the liquid inside, you snap off the top. Since ampules are opened by breaking the seal, there's no vacuum created when the liquid is drawn out, so there's no need to inject air into the ampule before drawing the liquid out

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Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Exercise 2 Why is it so important to follow aseptic techniques and procedures when filling or spiking the IV bag? Aseptic techniques help maintain the sterility of the IV bag and its contents. This includes practices like hand hygiene, using sterile gloves, and ensuring the environment is clean. These techniques also prevent cross-contamination from other sources, such as the healthcare provider's hands, the air, or other non-sterile surfaces. Ultimately, the goal of aseptic techniques is to ensure patient safety. Infections can lead to complications, longer hospital stays, and even death in severe cases.

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Photo 3: Spiked IV Bag How are the contents from an IV bag delivered into the patient's body? the IV bag is filled with a solution, which could be saline, glucose, or medication. The bag is then connected to a tube, known as an IV line. A healthcare professional will insert a needle into a vein, usually in the patient's arm or hand. This needle is attached to the IV line. The needle is then removed, leaving a small plastic tube in the vein. The solution in the IV bag travels down the IV line and into the patient's body through the cannula. The ﬂow rate can be controlled by a clamp on the IV line, ensuring the solution is delivered at the correct speed.

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Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com What would you need to do with any unused IND product at the conclusion of the study? A sponsor is in charge of overseeing the investigation and providing assistance as needed. After the investigation and trails are completed, all unused funds are returned to the sponsors. Count and document the number of unused tablets. This should be compared with the initial number of tablets provided and the number of tablets dispensed to participants. Until disposal, unused tablets should be stored securely to prevent unauthorized access. The storage conditions should also meet the requirements specified for the drug (e.g., temperature, humidity). Record all information about the unused tablets, including the reason for their non-use. This documentation is crucial for the final study report and for regulatory inspections. The disposal of unused IND tablets should be done according to the study protocol, institutional policies, and local regulations. This often involves returning the tablets to the sponsor or disposing of them as pharmaceutical waste. Include the information about the unused tablets and their disposal in the final study report submitted to the FDA. Why is it so important to properly document the distribution of an investigational new drug? Proper documentation is crucial for new drugs the key reasons is to protect patents and reduce the risk in lawsuits. This keeps everyone involved in the investigation safe.

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Data Table 1: Investigational Drug Record Form Will the form used to document the storage and distribution of INDs used in this exercise be identical across all hospitals? Why or why not? The form used to document the storage and distribution of Investigational New Drugs (INDs) may not necessarily be identical across all hospitals. This is due to several reasons: 1. Regulatory Requirements: Different regions or countries may have different regulatory requirements for documenting the storage and distribution of INDs. These requirements may dictate the format and content of the forms used. 2. Hospital Policies: Individual hospitals may have their own specific policies and procedures for handling INDs. These policies may require additional information to be documented that is not required by other hospitals. 3. Research Protocols: The specific research protocol being followed may require certain information to be documented. If different hospitals are following different protocols, their forms may differ.

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Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Principle Investigator Lot Date Received Rx # Principle Investigator Drug Name Lot Units per Container Date Received Patient Initials Principle Investigator Lot Date Received Patient # Principle Investigator Drug Strength/Form Lot Drug Storage Conditions Date Received Dose/Frequency Principle Investigator Dr. Gregory Mann 1234 1-16-2024 1234567-01 1-16-2024 1234568-01 1-16-2024 HR 1-16-2024 JC Pretendicillin 30 1-16-2024 0052 1-16-2024 0053 1-16-2024 300 mg Once A Day 1-16-2024 300 mg Once A Day 300 mg Tablets

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Competency Review Lot Date Received Quantity Received Principle Investigator Lot Date Received Principle Investigator Lot Date Received Date Returned Principle Investigator Lot Date Received Quantity Returned 4-25° C 1-16-2024 15 1-16-2024 8 1-16-2024 1-16-2024 1-16-2024 N/A 1-16-2024 1-24-2024 1-16-2024 N/A 1-16-2024 7

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Most ________ are weakened at the base of the neck to allow for easy breaking. ampules vials IV bags INDs The ____________ is the part of the IV tubing that connects to the IV port in the patient's arm. medication port spiking port IV spike luer connector All IND products must be kept separate from other drugs in the pharmacy. True False INDs are most commonly encountered in teaching hospitals. True False When withdrawing liquid from a vial using a syringe, the needle should be held against the rubber stopper at a _________ degree angle. 0 45 60 90

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Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com Extension Questions After withdrawing the solution from an ampule, the regular needle should be swapped out for a filter needle. True False What do you do immediately after injecting medication through the medication port of the IV bag? Gently agitate the IV bag to thoroughly mix the medication with the IV bag solution. Squeeze the injection port above the plastic adapter to force the medication out of the medication port and into the IV bag. Spike the IV bag. Prime the IV bag. Who develops the policies and procedures used by a hospital for handling IND products? The FDA The Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee The drug sponsor The prescribing physician

Copyright 2024 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com In addition to intravenous administration, parenteral drugs can also be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Although intravenous delivery of medication is the most precise method for delivering a specific dose, both subcutaneous and intramuscular injections are easier to administer. Use this information to give one scenario in which intravenous drug administration would be preferable, and one scenario in which subcutaneous of intramuscular drug administration would be preferable. Explain your answers. Intravenous drug administration would be preferable in a scenario where immediate drug action is required. For instance, in emergency situations such as a heart attack, stroke, or severe allergic reaction, intravenous administration allows the drug to be delivered directly into the bloodstream, providing an immediate therapeutic effect. This is because the drug bypasses the absorption process that would occur with other routes of administration, allowing for immediate and complete bioavailability. On the other hand, subcutaneous or intramuscular drug administration would be preferable in a scenario where sustained release of medication is needed over a longer period. For example, insulin is often administered subcutaneously for diabetes management. This method allows for a slow, steady absorption of the drug into the bloodstream, providing a longer duration of action. Similarly, vaccines are often administered intramuscularly, as this method allows for a slow release of the antigen, promoting a better immune response. In summary, the choice between intravenous and subcutaneous or intramuscular administration depends on the urgency of the situation and the desired duration of the drug's action.

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