Lecture Exam 2 BIO 2050
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Prince George's Community College, Largo *
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2050
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Mechanical_engineering
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Apr 30, 2024
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4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Lecture Exam 2 e Due Mar 23 at 11:59pm Points 100 Questions 47 Available Mar 18 at 8am - Mar 23 at 11:59pm Time Limit None Instructions Use this link to access BIO 2050 Lecture Exam 2. This exam contains 46 questions, there is a mix of short answer, multiple choice, multiple select and matching. It is password protected and must be completed at the testing center on the Largo campus (Bladen Hall) This quiz was locked Mar 23 at 11:59pm. Attempt History Attempt Time Score LATEST Attempt 1 37 minutes 56 out of 100 Score for this quiz: 56 out of 100 Submitted Mar 19 at 1:02pm This attempt took 37 minutes. Question 1 0/2pts Elderly people are often intolerable to cold (they easily get cold). A possible explanation for this is thinning of the epidermis with age thinning of the dermis with age Correct Answer thinning of the hypodermis (subcutansous layer) with age You Answered Inactivity of the sweat glands with age Question 2 2 /2 pts Hyperparathyroidism (excessive secretion of PTH) can lead to strong but soft bones referred to as "rubber bones". What would be an appropriate explanation for soft but strong bones? https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 1/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Correct! Decalcification of bone Loss of collagen from bone Increased osteoblast activity Increased production of calcitonin Question 3 2 /2 pts In modern surgery, it is possible to lengthen a short leg bone, because new bone tissue can rapidly grow to fill a cavity. However, it would be important to administer a chemical to Kill all osteoblasts. Correct! leave the periosteum intact to provide nutrients and define the boundary for bone growth ensure the growth plates are all ossified. remove calcium from the diet. All of the above. Question 4 2/ 2pts With aging, the extracellular matrix of bone tissue decreases. This is possible if are more active than osteoblasts, osteoclasts Correct! osteoclasts, osteoblasts osteocytes, osteoclasts osteoclasts, osteocytes Question 5 2/2pts Which of the following bones is not a part of the axial skeleton? ribs sternum vertebrae Correct! scapula https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 2/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Question 6 0/2pts Release of PTH (parathyroid hormone) would result in which of the following? The stimulation of osteoclasts Increasing blood calcium levels Increased absorption of calcium from the diet Correct Answer All of the above You Answered Only A and B are true Question 7 0/2pts Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to which of the following? Correct Answer Increased levels of PTH You Answered Decreased levels of calcitonin Decreased PTH levels Increased testosterone levels Question 8 2 [ 2 pts Kidney disease can prevent the kidneys form reabsorbing calcium from the urine, causing the body to lose too much calcium. What affect would this have on bone? Loss of bone mass due to continual secretion of PTH Loss of bone mass but with no connection to PTH Loss of bone mass due to increased osteoclast activity Correct! Both a and ¢ would be possible effects. Question 9 2/2pts Modified sweat glands, called glands, secrete wax in the ear canal sebaceous https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 3/16
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4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | eccrine apocrine Correct! ceruminous Question 10 2/ 2pts Which of the following layers of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and replacement? stratum corneum stratum granulosum Correct! stratum basale stratum lucidum Question 11 0/ 2 pts Which of the following layers of the skin relies on capillaries in the underlying connective tissue in the dermis for its nutrients? You Answered papillary layer stratum corneum dermis hypodermis Correct Answer stratum spinosum Question 12 2/2pts Melanin is a substance responsible for cell growth skin pigmentation protection from UV rays Correct! both b and c all of the above https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 4/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Question 13 0/2pts As you age there is an increased risk of skin cancer. This can be explained if there were You Answered a decreased number of melanocytes a decreased number of Langerhan’s cells a decreased number of keratinocytes Correct Answer both a and b would result in an increased risk of skin cancer Question 14 0/2pts The part of the hair below the surface of the skin is called the You Answered follicle Correct Answer root shaft base Question 15 0/2pts The strength of the dermis would mainly be due to the amount of blood vessels the distribution of elastic fibers Correct Answer the presence of collagen fibers You Answered the thickness of the layers Question 16 2 [ 2 pts https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 5/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated : by high temperatures when the air temperature drops Correct! by hormones, especially androgens as a protective coating when one is swimming Question 17 0/2pts When you go for your yearly flu shot, you receive the shot in your arm. Which of the following layers of the skin would be pierced by the needle first? Correct Answer stratum basale You Answered stratum lucidum reticular layer papillary layer Question 18 2 /2 pts As you age you are not able to regulate your body temperature as well as when you were younger. Which of the following would be a possible explanation of this fact? A decrease in elastic fibers in the skin Correct! A decrease in sweat gland activity A decrease in the number of functioning melanocytes A decrease in the amount of collagen fibers in the skin Question 19 2/2pts The general process of gaining a tan and then losing it over time is best explained by which of the following? Melanocytes form melanin in the dead top epidermis and the epidermis is soon washed off. https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 6/16
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4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Melanocytes form melanin in response to sunlight but blood flow slowly carries the melanin away. Melanocytes form melanin in response to sunlight but then reabsorb the melanin 1n the absence of light. Correct! Melanocytes in the dividing layer of the epidermis produce melanin, but then cells divide in half and are constantly being pushed to the top to flatten and wash off. Ultraviolet light damages the subcutaneous skin cells but these dark burned cells soon are dissolved and replaced in the healing process. Question 20 0/2pts Which of the following would one NOT expect to find in the dermis? Correct Answer keratinocytes You Answered mast cells fibroblasts macrophages Question 21 0/2pts If a splinter penetrated the skin into the third epidermal layer of the sole of the foot, which cells would be damaged? Granulosum Basale You Answered Lucidum Spinosum Correct Answer BothAand C https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 7/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Question 22 2/ 2 pts If you wash your skin and hair many times a day, you will soon have dry skin that cracks and bleeds because you have removed the secreted by that is necessary to keep the skin supple. salty sweat, sweat glands pili, erectors sebum, sweat glands Correct! sebum, sebacious glands Question 23 2/ 2pts The general process of gaining a tan and then losing it over time can best be explained by which of the following? Melanocytes form melanin in the dead top epidermis and the epidermis is soon washed off. Melanocytes form melanin in response to sunlight but blood flow slowly carries the melanin away. Melanocytes form melanin in response to sunlight but then reabsorb the melanin in the absence of light. Correct! Melanocytes in the dividing layer of the epidermis produce melanin, but the cells are constantly being pushed toward the stratum corneum where they die and are scraped or washed off. None of the above are possible explanations Question 24 0/2pts Which of the following functions performed by the skin can be lost or seriously compromised if someone suffered a severe burn over most of the body? You Answered prevention of heat and water loss. prevention of massive and continuous infection from invasion by external bacteria, viruses, and parasites. production of sweat that evaporates and cools the body when it 1s overheating. protection of muscle and other surface tissues from abrasion and pain. Correct Answer https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 8/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | All of the above are vital functions of the skin and could be compromised Question 25 2 [ 2 pts Although the skin is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include: the dermis providing the major mechanical barrier to chemicals water and other external substances Correct! resident macrophage-like cells (Langerhans’ cells) whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and activate the immune system cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high temperature conditions blood vessels in the epiderims serving as a blood reservoir Question 26 2/2pts Which of these phrases does NOT characterize the skin? conical dermal papillae Correct! thinner in areas receiving greater friction and use loss of elasticity with age and sun exposure muscle and nerve fibers in dermis Question 27 0/2pts The elbow joint is an example of a joint. hinge synovial freely moveable Correct Answer https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 9/16
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4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | all of the above are true You Answered only a and c are true Question 28 0/2pts Which of the following 1s NOT a characteristic feature of synovial joints? You Answered Reinforcing ligaments Correct Answer Sutures stabilizing the bones A joint cavity between the articulating bones Articular surfaces of the bones covered by articular cartilage Question 29 2 /2 pts The knee is an example of a immoveable joint slightly moveable joint Correct! synovial joint immoveable, synovial joint Question 30 0/2pts Which one of the following statements is true about a healthy adult? The bones are 1n a state of homeostasis, and there 1s no bone deposit or resorption. Correct Answer Increased calcium in the diet may result in an increase in bone density. You Answered The rate of bone resorption should be significantly greater than the rate of bone deposit. Levels of parathyroid hormone should be high to maintain homeostasis. https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 10/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Question 31 0/2pts A freely moveabile joint requires for lubrication of the articulating surfaces. adipose tissue You Answered serous fluid reinforcing ligaments sutures Correct Answer synovial fluid Question 32 10/ 10 pts Match the description on the left with the appropriate joint description on the right. Correct! The joint formed between the atlas and axis is an example of this kind of Joint Pivot v Correct! The elbow joint is an example of this type of joint. Hinge v Correct! The suture between the left and right parietal bones is an example of this type of joint. Immoveable v Correct! The pubic symphysis is an example of this type of joint. Slightly moveable v Correct! The shoulder is an example of this type of joint https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 11/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Ball and socket v Question 33 2 [ 2 pts Which of the following is (are) a function of the skeletal system? make body movement possible together with the muscles storage of calcium in the extracellular matrix of bones blood cell production the bone marrow protection of the brain and other soft organs Correct! all of the above Question 34 0/2pts The periosteum is attached tightly to the bone by tendons You Answered ligaments Correct Answer perforating (Sharpey's) fibers endosteum Question 35 0/2pts You’ve become motivated and now lift weights to increase bone mass! You know this will happen because Correct Answer stress applied to bone stimulates osteoblast activity stress applied to bone stimulates osteoblast activity You Answered stress applied to bone stimulates PTH release none of the above; stress applied to bones does not have any affect on the bone tissue Question 36 0/2pts https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 12/16
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4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | The central canal in each osteon (Haversian system) contains You Answered lacunae osteocytes Correct Answer blood vessels synovial fluid Question 37 2 /2 pts Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for: Correct! calcium, phosphate and lipids steroids and proteins glycogen, nitrogen and calcium glycogen and amino acids Question 38 0/2pts Your 11-year old nephew is growing like crazy! Which of the following is a possible explanation? decreased Growth Hormone and falling Testosterone are stimulating ossification in of epiphyseal line decreased Growth Hormone and falling Testosterone are inhibiting mitosis in the epiphyseal plate Correct Answer increased Growth Hormone stimulating mitosis in the epiphyseal plate You Answered increased Calcitonin and slowly rising Testosterone are stimulating mitosis in the epiphyseal line Question 39 0/2pts Which of the following is true concerning a long bone? it is made of only a hard matrix of inorganic (mainly calcium) salts. Correct Answer it has many blood vessels and canaliculi to deliver nutrients You Answered it is built by bone cells called osteons https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 13/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | it is made of only a soft matrix of organic collagen for strength. Question 40 0/2pts Because of cell division occurring in the long bones increase in length. You Answered Epiphyseal Line Correct Answer Growth (Proliferation) Zone Hypertrophic Zone Medullary Cavity Question 41 2 /2 pts Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of Correct! adipocytes elastic tissue red blood cells canaliculi Question 42 2/2pts Match the structures with their proper level of organization. Each level can be used only once. Correct! osteoblast cell v Correct! compact bone tissue v Correct! collagen https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 14/16
4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | chemical v Correct! femur organ v Question 43 0/2pts What would have a negative effect on the strength and density of the bones in the skeletal system? high levels of testosterone because testosterone You Answered high levels of estrogen high levels of calcitonin Correct Answer high levels of PTH Question 44 2/ 2 pts Which of the following lists shows structures in order from simplest to the most complex? humerus—spongy bone—osteoblast—collagen spongy bone—calcium—osteocyte—rib Correct! collagen—osteoblast—compact bone—femur collagen—spongy bone—osteocyte—scapula Question 45 0/2pts In bone formation, a deficiency of Growth Hormone will cause decreased osteoclast activity of epiphyseal line Correct Answer decreased mitosis in the cells of the epiphyseal plate increased osteocyte activity in the diaphysis You Answered inadequate calcium release from matrix within trabeculae https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 15/16
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4/28/24, 10:58 PM Lecture Exam 2 : 2024SP-BI0-2050-HY02 Human Anatomy & Physiology | Question 46 2 /2 pts Which one of the following structures includes all of the others (which is the largest)? concentric lamellae lacuna osteocyte central canal Correct! osteon (Haversian System) Question 47 2 /0 pts Your mother goes for her annual physical exam and the doctor orders routine bloodwork. The results show her Vitamin D levels are low. Knowing that Vitamin D is required for proper calcium absorption, she expects her blood calcium levels to also be low but the results show normal calcium levels. Based on your knowledge of homeostasis and negative feedback, explain to her how this is possible. In your answer make sure to include the names of any hormones involved Your Answer: In this case her PTH levels are abnormal, which will cause osteoblast (bone maker) to decrease and cause an increase of osteoclast (bone destroyer) activity. Since the osteoblast activity decreases, the levels of calcium and phosphate increases which makes sense why her results are normal. You are correct that PTH will be released but it is not considered to be abnormal. Blood calcium levels are maintained within a particular range. Since Vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the diet, a lack of vitamin D may cause a decrease in blood calcium levels below the acceptable range. If this happens, the body will respond. PTH will be secreted, which stimulates osteoclasts, increases calcium absorption and inhibits calcium excretion. These actions will increase the blood calcium levels. The body's response reverses the initial stimulus (decrease in blood calcium levels)- a characteristic of negative feedback. Quiz Score: 56 out of 100 https://pgcconline.instructure.com/courses/20137/quizzes/212150?module_item_id=2387009 16/16