AA_pp_lab_report_respiratory_673508

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Dec 6, 2023

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Laboratory Report LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Respiratory Volumes Name: Abigail Allie Instructor: Donald Pump Date: 11.03.2023 Predictions 1. During exercise TV will increase 2. During exercise IRV will decrease 3. During exercise ERV will decrease 4. During exercise VC will increase 5. During exercise TLC will not change Materials and Methods 1. Dependent Variable respiratory volumes 2. Independent Variable level of physical activity [resting or exercising] 3. Controlled Variables sex, age, height 4. Which respiratory volume was calculated? The respiratory volume that was calculated was were IC, FRC, VC, TLC as well as minute ventilation. 5. What was the purpose of the nose clip? The purpose of the nose clip is to prevent leakage of air from the nose while measuring respiratory volumes. Results Table 2: Average Breathing Rates and Lung Volumes Resting Values Exercising Values Breathing Rate TV(L) ERV(L) IRV(L) RV(L) Breathing Rate TV(L) ERV(L) IRV(L) RV(L) Subject1 13.6 0.5 1.4 2.3 1.6 27.4 1.7 0.6 1.9 1.6 Subject2 11.2 0.5 1.4 2.1 1.6 29.3 1.7 0.7 1.8 1.6 Subject3 10.9 0.6 1.3 2.1 1.6 26.5 1.6 0.7 1.8 1.6 Averages 11.9 0.5 1.4 2.2 1.6 27.7 1.7 0.7 1.8 1.6 Laboratory Report/ Abigail Allie/ Respiratory Volumes/ Donald Pump/ 11.03.2023/ Page [1] of [4]

Laboratory Report Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Volumes and Breathing Rate L 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 1 2 3 4 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. TV 2. ERV 3. IRV 4. RV L 0 6 12 18 24 30 1 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. Breathing Rate 1. Did the breathing rate increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Breathing rate increased with exercise. 2. Did the tidal volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Tidal volume increased with exercise. 3. Did the expiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Expiratory reserve volume decreased with exercise. 4. Did the inspiratory reserve volume increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Inspiratory reserve volume decreased with exercise. 5. Did the inspiratory capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Inspiratory capacity increased with exercise. 6. Did the functional residual capacity increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Functional residual capacity decreased with exercise. 7. Did the minute ventilation increase, decrease, or not change with exercise? Minute ventilation increased with exercise. Table 3: Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation Resting Values Exercising Values IC(L) FRC(L) VC(L) TLC(L) Minute Ventilation (L) IC(L) FRC(L) VC(L) TLC(L) Minute Ventilation (L) Subject1 2.8 3.0 4.2 5.8 6.8 3.6 2.2 4.2 5.8 46.6 Subject2 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.6 5.6 3.5 2.3 4.2 5.8 49.8 Subject3 2.7 2.9 4.0 5.6 6.5 3.4 2.3 4.1 5.7 42.4 Averages 2.7 3.0 4.1 5.7 6.3 3.5 2.3 4.2 5.8 46.3 Laboratory Report/ Abigail Allie/ Respiratory Volumes/ Donald Pump/ 11.03.2023/ Page [2] of [4]

Laboratory Report Comparison of Resting and Exercising Lung Capacities and Minute Ventilation L 0 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6 1 2 3 4 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. IC 2. FRC 3. VC 4. TLC L 0 10 20 30 40 50 1 Resting Values Exercising Values 1. Minute Ventilation Discussion 1. Explain the change in ERV with exercise. ERV decreased with exercise because the emphasis is on increasing oxygen intake through deeper and faster breathes, forcing more air out of the lungs with each exhalation. 2. Explain the change in IRV with exercise. IRV decreased with exercise because again, there is an emphasis on increasing oxygen intake through deeper and faster breathes, preventing full inspiration. 3. Explain the change in IC with exercise. IC increased with exercise due to an increased in TV. 4. Explain the change in FRC with exercise. FRC decreased with exercise because air is moved out of the lungs more forcefully. Since RV does not change, the decrease in FRC can be attributed to the decrease in ERV that occurs during exercise. 5. Explain why RV does not change with exercise. RV does not change with exercise as it is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after max exhalation -- regardless of physical activity, this value does not change. 6. Explain why VC does not change with exercise. VC does not change with exercise because TLC and RV does not change. 7. Explain why TLC does not change with exercise. TLC does not change with exercise as it is a fixed volume. 8. During exercise, the depth of respiration increases. Name the muscles involved in increasing the depth of respiration and explain how muscle contraction causes this increase. The muscles involved in increasing the depth of respiration are the intercostals and the diaphragm. As these muscles contract, they create negative pressure with allows for the lungs to intake more air. 9. Explain the importance of the change in minute ventilation with exercise. Laboratory Report/ Abigail Allie/ Respiratory Volumes/ Donald Pump/ 11.03.2023/ Page [3] of [4]

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Laboratory Report Minute ventilation increased with exercise as there in an increase demand for O2 during exercise. 10. Restate your predictions that were correct and give data from your experiment that support them. Restate your predictions that were not correct and correct them with supporting data from your experiment. The hypothesis that breathing rate TV increase while IRV and ERV will decrease and TLC will not change with exercise was correct. In specific, average TV increased from 0.5 L to 1.7 L, respectively, while average IRV and EVR values decreases from 2.2 L to 1.8 L and 1.4 L to 0.7 L, respectively. The hypothesis that VC will increase with exercise was wrong, VC did not change with exercise. Application 1. During strenuous exercise, TV plateaus at about 60% of VC but minute ventilation continues to increase. Explain how that would occur In order to meet the increased oxygen demand during strenuous exercise, the respiratory system compensates by increasing the breathing rate as TV plateaus. Since minute ventilation is the product of TV and respiratory rate, it would make sense for it to continue to increase if respiratory rate also increases. 2. Emphysema causes alveolar dilation and destruction of alveolar walls which causes an increase in residual volume with air that cannot be exhaled. Assuming that an individual's TLC does not change, explain why a person with developing emphysema is not short of breath while resting, but becomes short of breath after climbing a flight of stairs. After climbing a flight of stairs, a person with emphysema would have a shortness of breathe due to the increased demand for oxygen during physical activity. In emphysema, the lining of the alveoli are damaged and old air becomes trapped, leaving little to no room for fresh oxygen to enter therefore making it difficult to meet the bodies increased demand for oxygen while having the same TLC. Laboratory Report/ Abigail Allie/ Respiratory Volumes/ Donald Pump/ 11.03.2023/ Page [4] of [4]