I_Jauregui_Major Developments

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Jan 9, 2024

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MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS ILKA JAUREGUI UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX CUR 505 DR. FLORENCE 2/20/2023

MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS • Understanding history of curriculum to better understand our roles as educators • Important to question how today’s curriculum came about • Privatistic Conservatism and Modern Conservatism are two important developments that set into motion the demand for more accountability from teachers, students, and schools

RATIONALE FOR CHOOSING THE DEVELOPMENTS PRIVATISTIC CONSERVATISM (1975– 1989) • Curriculum shifted from being child-centered to content- centered. • Higher intellectual rigor than past developments MODERN CONSERVATISM (2000–2009) • More involvement by the federal government • Realization that America’s youth was falling behind the nation

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PRIMARY FOCUS OF EACH DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING RELEVANT FACTS PRIVATISTIC CONSERVATISM (1975– 1989) • Focus on preparing students for a technological society • More rigorous curriculum • Emphasis on critical thinking and logical analysis • State laws and district policies began requiring additional graduation requirements • More accountability for teachers and students • Goals 2000: Educate America Act MODERN CONSERVATISM (2000–2009) • Increased involvement by the federal government • No Child Left Behind Act • Three goals • Five central goals of PreK-16 education • Race to the Top: Encourages systemic reform and embraces innovative approaches to teaching and learning • Diversity Education • Common Core State Standards :What students need to know and are expected to do • Global education

KEY LEADERS THAT WERE INVOLVED AND/OR SUPPORTED EACH DEVELOPMENT PRIVATISTIC CONSERVATISM (1975– 1989) • Benjamin Bloom • Psychologist and professor of education at the University of Chicago • Bloom’s Taxonomy • Mastery learning • John I. Goodlad • conducted research, organized centers of educational change, and taught graduate courses in the field • Published over 20 books and 200 articles • Analysis of a balanced curriculum • James Banks • A pioneer of multicultural education • Educational equality MODERN CONSERVATISM (2000–2009) • Linda Darling-Hammond • Professor of Education at Stanford • Served as chief education adviser to President Obama • Served as executive director of the National Commission on teaching and America’s Future • Instrumental in redesigning programs • Carol Ann Tomlinson • Expert in the area of differentiated instruction • Associate professor of educational leaderships, foundations, and policy at the University of Virginia

OUTCOME OF EACH DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING HOW IT DID, OR DID NOT, BENEFIT STUDENTS PRIVATISTIC CONSERVATISM (1975– 1989) • Strength: Critical Thinking Movement • More rigor • Focus on teaching critical thinking • Weakness: major trends highly criticized • Accountability – too much stress on students • Goals 2000 – yielded little results • Multi-cultural education – teacher education programs have not made progress towards including it MODERN CONSERVATISM (2000–2009) • Strength: PreK-16 Education • Responsive to society’s needs • Weakness: No Child Left Behind • Emphasis on standardized testing • If schools did not meet standards, they could lose Title 1 money

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IMPACT ON CURRENT CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN PRACTICES • Students are being held to a higher standard • Common Core State Standards are still in effect • Commitment to high quality education that prepares students for college • Build creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, collaboration, and communication. • Curriculum enhancements continue to be important in an ever- changing society

REFERENCES Glatthorn, A. A., Boschee, F., Whitehead, B. M., & Boschee, B. F. (2019). Curriculum leadership:strategies for development and implementation (5th ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. Klein, A. (2015, April 10). No child left behind: An overview . Education Week. Retrieved February 20, 2023, from https://www.edweek.org/policy politics/no-child-left-behind-an-overview/2015/04 Omeka RSS. (n.d.). Goals 2000 and ESEA . Clinton Digital Library. Retrieved February 19, 2023, from https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/exhibits/show/education-reform/goals esea#:~:text=The%20Goals%202000%20legislation %20codified,such%20students%20met%20these 20standards. University of Central Florida. (n.d.). Bloom's taxonomy. Retrieved February 18, 2023, from https://fctl.ucf.edu/teachingresources/course-design/blooms taxonomy/#:~:text=Bloom's%20taxonomy%20was%20developed %20to,a%20varie y%20of%20cognitive%20levels.

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