Assignment 1 Melissa Allen

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Feb 20, 2024

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The Crime Views and the Dark Side of Crime Melissa Allen University of Maryland Global CCJS 100: Introduction to Criminal Justice Professor Henry White March 24, 2022

1 The Crime Views and the Dark Side of Crime 1. There are various conceptions of criminality within the justice system that dictate how crime is defined. Views to consider are the interactionist, consensus, and conflict views. According to the interactionist view, the interpretation of crime reflects the preferences and beliefs of those with social power in a specific legal jurisdiction. Automobile manufacturers, for example, may enact anti-jaywalking legislation. (Sanchez) The fundamental focus of the interactionist perspective is that it focuses on people's lives without categorizing them by demographic. Another perspective on how laws are made is the consensus view, which, as the name implies, assumes unanimity among individuals on what should and should not be unlawful, and includes people from all demography. Furthermore, according to this perspective, criminal law is a function of values, moral conscience, and regulations that apply equally to all members of society. (Burke et al., 2020) Consensus provides citizens with group empowerment and understanding. The conflict view sees society as a grouping of diverse demographics, and it recognizes that the development of laws is unequal and may lack consensus. According to this point of view, crime is defined by people in positions of wealth, authority, and social standing in society. (Burke et al., 2020) This could lead to bias issues. In an ideal world, the consensus view would be the most useful asset to society because it would bring all demographics together on how to come to decisions on the morality of crimes. 2. The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been producing accurate statistics for use in law enforcement since 1930. It also serves as an avenue for students, the media, and researchers. It is characterized by longevity, as eight decades of exceptionally

2 consistent approach have been implemented. It also evaluates geographical outlooks for investigators; (IResearchNet, 2022) however, because UCR reporting systems are voluntary, they are vulnerable to a lack of or inadequate reporting by law enforcement agencies. This may also lead to inaccurate data capture. (Sanchez) The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is a continuous integrated household survey performed by the Census Bureau on behalf of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). BJS relies heavily on it to generate statistics on crime victimization. (Kruttschnitt, 2014) The NCVS fills in gaps that the UCR cannot because that data only includes offenses known to police. One disadvantage of the NCVS is that certain data may be captured incorrectly or distorted. (Sanchez) Because minors are interviewed via proxy, the information provided may be erroneous. NIBRS records data on victims, known perpetrators, connections between victims and offenders, and property involved in crimes, as well as information on victims, known offenders, relationships between victims and offenders, arrestees, and property involved in crimes. Because of its capacity to offer context and background for crimes, The National Incident-Based Reporting System, also known as NIBRS, can often identify the location, time of day, and much more about the incident than the UCR. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 2020) NIBRS also has additional quantitative versatility and can delve further into the kinds of crimes that have occurred. The disadvantage of NIBRS is that officers struggle to submit appropriately coded reports due to complicated and unclear NIBRS regulations. Furthermore, report authenticity becomes a problem when a report needs to be changed owing to improper data input or reporting (Bennett, 2022) that does not follow NIBRS reporting criteria. However, overall, communities are far safer because of programs like NIBRS. (Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 2020)

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3 3. Victimization research is aimed to bridge the gap left on missing police reports by asking respondents if they were a victim of a crime in a given year, whether or not it was recorded. (Sanchez) The dark side of crime happens because it demonstrates the level of crime that is never reported or detected. The use of initiatives like the NCVS, as well as encouraging victims to come forward and report their offenses, can help to decrease the dark side of crime. Another one of the effective ways to lessen the dark side of crime is to ensure that victims' cases are handled professionally, swiftly, and correctly. Humane behavior and ethics are critical. Trained, compassionate individuals, such as forensic psychologists should be able to assess and assist victims. Lastly, perhaps the crime control model can help victims develop confidence in the system. This system emphasizes efficiency, with the most essential function being to repress and regulate crime in order to ensure society's safety and public order. (Sanchez) Offenders should be punished swiftly and accordingly. 4. Psychology and criminology can work well together to strengthen the judiciary system. This is attributable to the fact that criminal and forensic psychologists can work with both offenders and victims. The humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches work wonders when there is an emphasis on a "new way" to collect crime data. Crime victims may experience tremendous dread, disbelief, and horror, accompanied by emotions such as rage, anxiousness, sadness, social isolation, and powerlessness. To avoid this from happening, bringing personalized psychologists to victims at a low-to-no cost would be a good idea.

4 References: Bennett, E. (2022, February 3). 3 Key Challenges of NIBRS Reporting for Law Enforcement Agencies . Mark43. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://mark43.com/resources/blog/3- key-challenges-of-nibrs-reporting-for-law-enforcement-agencies/ Burke, A. S., Carter, D., Fedorek, B., Morey, T., Rutz-Burri, L., & Sanchez, S. (2020, June 4). 1.5: Consensus view and Decriminalizing Laws . Business LibreTexts. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Law/Book %3A_Introduction_to_the_American_Criminal_Justice_System_(Burke_et_al.)/ 01%3A_Crime_Criminal_Justice_and_Criminology/ 1.05%3A_Consensus_View_and_Decriminalizing_Laws Burke, A. S., Carter, D., Fedorek, B., Morey, T., Rutz-Burri, L., & Sanchez, S. (2020, June 4). 1.6: Conflict view . Business LibreTexts. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://biz.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Law/Book %3A_Introduction_to_the_American_Criminal_Justice_System_(Burke_et_al.)/ 01%3A_Crime_Criminal_Justice_and_Criminology/1.06%3A_Conflict_View Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). (2020, November 25). Five Things to Know About NIBRS . FBI. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/five- things-to-know-about-nibrs-112520 IResearchNet. (2022). Crime Reports and Crime Statistics - Criminal Justice - IResearchNet . Criminal Justice Research. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://criminal- justice.iresearchnet.com/criminology/research-methods/crime-reports-crime-statistics/6/

5 Kruttschnitt, C. (2014, April 7). National Crime Victimization Survey . Estimating the Incidence of Rape and Sexual Assault. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202265/ Sanchez, S. (n.d.). 1.4. Interactionist View . SOUCCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ccj230/chapter/1-4-who-and-how-do-we-determine- what-becomes-a-law/ Sanchez, S. (n.d.). 2.3. Victimization Studies . SOUCCJ230 Introduction to the American Criminal Justice System. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/ccj230/chapter/2-4-self-report-data/

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