Lab - Linux command line fundamentals
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Apr 3, 2024
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MIS 460 / MIS 561
Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
The objective of this lab is gain familiarity with the Linux operating system (specifically Kali and zsh).
Some key terms:
◦
Kernel – The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. It is the portion of the operating system code that is always resident in memory and facilitates interactions between hardware and software components. (Wikipedia)
◦
Shell
– a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface or graphical user interface, depending on a computer's role and particular operation. Examples of Linux shells: GNU Bourne-Again Shell (bash), Z Shell zsh, C shell (csh), Korn Shell. Two Windows shells are the Windows Command Line and Powershell. The Windows GUI shell is explorer. Why is it called a “shell”? Because it is the outer layer of the kernel.
◦
Desktop Environment – graphical shell (e.g., GNOME, MATE, KDE, Cinnamon, Xfce, etc.)
1.
Starting the Terminal
(a)
Start kali and login with your username and password.
(b)
Navigate to the toolbar.
(c)
Use the keyboard shortcut. Press ctrl+alt+t
(d)
Right-click to use the context menu and start a terminal at the current directory path by clicking Open Terminal Here
.
Lab - Creating Your Virtual Environment
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Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
2.
Use the terminal to examine your environment
(a)
At the terminal, type sudo apt-get update
and press enter.
(b)
Then type sudo apt-get install neofetch and press enter.
(c)
Type Y and press enter when prompted to continue.
(d)
Then type neofetch and press ENTER.
Sample
Submission
Lab - Creating Your Virtual Environment
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MIS 460 / MIS 561
Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
Sample
Submission
What is the Kernel version?
6.3.0-kali1-amd64
What shell are you using?
zsh 5.9
What desktop environment?
Xfce 4.18
How much RAM does the system have?
1930MiB
(a)
How to get help on a command:
i.
In the terminal, use man <command>
to open the system manual about that command (e.g., man ls
).
ii.
Use command --help
to open the help page.
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Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
(b)
To clear the console type clear
and press ENTER.
(c)
To access your previously issued commands, press the up arrow. If you up arrow too far, press the down arrow to go forward. Use the left and right arrow keys to move the cursor to edit commands.
(d)
Open a terminal. Type the following commands and press enter:
i.
whoami
ii.
cd
iii.
pwd
iv.
echo 0$
v.
cat /etc/os-release
Question
Answer
1.
What is your username?
kali
2.
What is the path to your current location?
/home/kali
3.
What is the name of the shell that you are using
0$
4.
What is the name of the operating system that you are using? What version?
Kali GNU/Linux version 2023.3
5.
What does the echo command do?
Displays which shell you’re currently using
6.
What does the cat command do?
Displays the contents of a file 3.
Changing the default kali
password
After installing Kali Linux, there are a number of security measures that you should perform (e.g., change the SSH default keys). However, we’re not using SSH in this lab so we’ll only change the default password for the kali
user.
(a)
Using the terminal window, type sudo passwd kali (or username you chose) and then press ENTER. (b)
Type the current kali password, kali
and press ENTER.
i.
NOTE: The OS provides no indication that you are typing (i.e., there are no asterisks or other characters displayed when you type the password).
(c)
Type a new password and press ENTER, then type it again and press ENTER.
i.
Consider storing your password in a secure place. If you forget it, you’ll need to reinstall Kali.
Sample
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Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
Submission
Sample
Submission
1.
Why use sudo
? What is sudo
short
for?
Sudo is a way to access any tools, ports, or services that need admin privileges. Sudo is
short for Super User DO
2.
In the command sudo passwd kali
,
what does kali
represent?
The name of the user you want to change
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MIS 460 / MIS 561
Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
4.
Navigating and file/folder management
Task
Command
(a)
Navigate to your home folder.
Cd /kali
(b)
Create a folder called Applied Cybersecurity
Mkdir /kali/Applied-Cybersecurity
(c)
Rename the folder applied_cybersecurity
Mv Applied-Cybersecurity applied_cybersecurity
(d)
Navigate into the applied_cybersecurity folder.
Cd /kali/applied_cybersecurity
(e)
Create a text document called assignments.txt by using Gedit.
Gedit –new-document assignments.txt
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Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
5.
Pinging hosts
Ping ua.edu. Stop after 3 or 4 responses using CTRL+c.
Sample
Submission
Your submission should include the command used to ping ua.edu.
6.
Viewing and killing a process
(a)
Start the Firefox web browser.
(b)
In a terminal window, show all running processes. Ensure firefox-esr is listed.
Sample
Submission
Your screenshot only needs to display the firefox row and the two rows before and after it.
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Lab – Linux Command Line Fundamentals
(c)
Pipe the results of the previous command and use grep to show only the firefox row.
Sample
Submission
Your command goes where the yellow bar is displayed.
(d)
To kill the process, use kill
and the process ID or killall
and the process name. Sample
Submission
What command would you use to kill the firefox process by ID?
Kill 39914
What command would you use to kill the firefox process by name?
Killall firefox.esr
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