FMGT2701 - Assignment 9
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School
British Columbia Institute of Technology *
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Course
2701
Subject
Information Systems
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
3
Uploaded by EarlZebra3851
a. Describe each of the four kinds of organizational change that can be promoted with information technology.
The four types of organizational change that can be promoted with information technology are automation, rationalization, business process redesign, and paradigm shifts. For automation, by using the accounting software QuickBooks, they could automatically generate financial reports. For
rationalization, in previous years, people have to submit paper documents and pay in person to get travel or visitor visas to come to Canada. However, nowadays, people can submit the necessary documents online, and pay online, which helps the applicators and staff work effectively. For the business process redesign, I would like to mention the customer return process redesign. Before, people had to bring the items to the store and negotiate with the staff there. However, nowadays, people can initialize the return process online and will automatically get the shipping label for the return. For paradigm shifts, the retail industry has changed fundamentally from physical stores to online shopping.
b. Compare object-oriented and traditional structure approaches for modeling and designing systems.
Structured approaches to modeling and designing systems involve breaking down a system into a hierarchy from most general functions (highest level), to more specific functions (lowest level), until the completion of the system, which makes them dependent upon the completion of the previous functionality. In an object-oriented approach, the design process may be broken down into individual modules that each satisfy end user requirements. Each module may be worked on simultaneously within a team and each piece of function can be reused amongst different modules (specifically in programming, these modules may be classes). This is because
the system was broken down into individual modular pieces of functions (or code), where each piece in the system is independent from other pieces of the system.
c. Define the traditional systems life cycle. Describe its advantages and disadvantages for systems building. It is a software development that is divided into different phases and the phases include system analysis, system design, programming, testing,
conversion, production, and maintenance. For example, the bank management knows it is important to enhance customer satisfaction by doing an investigation and then they do the studies to gather the opinions from the public. Finally, they develop a system, do the testing, and then apply it in reality to enhance customer satisfaction. The advantages are that they have a clear structure for development, and every phase has documentation useful for understanding the system. Besides, it is easier to predict the budget for each phase. The disadvantages include that it is difficult to discover the problems until the testing phase and once the change has been made for the requirement, it is not easy to go back and make changes.
d. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using outsourcing for building information systems. Outsourcing means the company asks a third party to help them develop their systems. Outsourcing could help reduce the cost. For example, my friend’s company is trying to develop its system by finding a software company instead of hiring IT staff, and usually doing this helps the company reduce costs. Besides, the risks shift to the third party because they are responsible for the quality software by doing this type of business. Finally, by
outsourcing, the company could focus on its business activities instead of worrying about the systems. The disadvantages include that the company may be dependent on the supplier and the hidden costs like legal fees, and relationship maintenance with the supplier cannot be ignored. Besides, sometimes the company must expose the sensitive data to the third party and the data security may be emphasized in the agreement.
e. In your own words describe Agile Software Development. Your descriptions
should include an example.
Agile software development is a methodology that aims to be able to quickly push the release of a software system by delivering the system incrementally
based on user requirements. Each iteration of the release satisfies more and more user requirements until the backlog of requirements is complete. Agile methodology also aims to make the development process flexible to changes
according to user requirements. Allowing user feedback while the system is being designed is good in assuring that the system fully satisfies the user. In designing a banking system, for example, an epic might be, "As a financial manager, I would to be able to view the earnings and losses of every client's
investment portfolio". A user story of this epic might be, "As a financial advisor, I need the ability to send reports of earnings and losses to my manager".
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