WEEK 8 PROJECT PAPER

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Apr 3, 2024

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Artificial Intelligence and the Future Beverly B. Baxter American Military University/American Public University ISSC231: Networking Concepts Professor: Alex Jalinous March 24, 2024

Telecommunication exchanges information and data over a broad sector via video transmission, voice, cell phones, computers, technology systems, microwaves, vehicles, and more. "Telecommunication arrangement is made up of two or more stations equipped with transmitter and receiver devices. A single co-arrangement of transmitters and receivers, called a transceiver, may also be used in many telecommunication stations." Telecommunications is also known as telecom. "Telecommunications is also known as telecom. "In telecommunications, data is transmitted in the form of electrical signals known as carrier waves, which are modulated into analog or digital signals for transmitting information. Analog modulation such as that used in radio broadcasting is an amplitude modulation. Digital modulation is just an updated form of this." Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines, software, and robots that stimulates human intelligence by performing simple or complex tasks humans may perform but better or can't perform. AI mimics the intelligence of humans with their improved techniques and abilities to communicate, visualize, and improve overall interactivity in today's societies and the world. Different technologies and equipment are involved in AI. Some of these include. “Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been concerned with the question of whether and how computers and robots can do things that we humans can (still) do better. Many cognitively difficult tasks for us, such as playing chess and mathematics, logic and pattern recognition, can be solved better today by computers than by humans, for example using AI techniques.”

"Deep Learning is a type of machine learning that trains a computer to perform human- like tasks, such as recognizing speech, identifying images or making predictions." Deep Learning trains a system to learn information and process it. "Computer Vision is a field of AI that trains computers to interpret and understand the visual world. Using digital images from cameras and videos and deep learning models, machines can accurately identify and classify objects and then react to what they "see." "Computer vision can derive information from videos, images, and other things. "Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human language. NLP helps computers communicate with humans in their own language, making it possible for computers to read text, hear speech, interpret it, measure sentiment and determine which parts are important." "With the constant advancements in technology, we can anticipate even greater breakthroughs in the future, and it will undoubtedly play an increasingly significant role in shaping the future." Predicted future trends, we can look forward to being creative or generating AI, ChatGPT, and AI for personalization. Companies such as Walmart, Cell phones, and Vehicles are involved in the advancement of AI. Regulatory issues will always arise when it comes to AI, and one issue that's spoken about is whether these technological entities have the full capabilities to deliver and perform at their total capacity without resulting issues. Also, accountability and the use of AI systems are vital. "The evolution of technology has developed exponentially over time since the invention of the steam engine in the eighteenth century. Where AI is concerned, this means that we should expect the pace of innovation to be

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faster over the next ten years than in the previous decade. This prediction is further supported by the fact that large parts of industry have not yet begun to embrace the current successes in machine learning." Virtual assistance, fraud prevention systems, email filtering, smart home devices, and visual programs have critical global implications concerning artificial intelligence. The future of AI is taking over as machines before could not read, see, or hear as they can now. They are more equipped with the tools and techniques needed to detect problems and assist companies, people, and equipment in areas they may be unable to help themselves. Some of these generated AI machines are making some of society more productive in their work and daily activities, and with continued increases in productivity, AI can have a substantial positive effect on our world. Many trends occur when it comes to AI, some of which are. Algorithms in machine learning, advancement in language, and processing, to name a few, will help businesses or corporations improve their business using AI. Many trends revolve around AI, some of which are: - Creative Or Generative AI: "This AI refers to the use of artificial intelligence techniques to generate original content such as images, text and music." Using this trend allows businesses and organizations to increase their marketing strategy by improving the look of their billboards, how their text looks, and how their music looks eye- catching while also knocking out any interrupting sounds that can damage their marketing strategies.

- ChatGPT "A chatbot that is trained to follow an instruction-based script. This tool can help our team better commuicate with our clients as well from a marketing perspective. This tool is handy for productivity and assistance." Using this trend is a great benefit for companies as there are times when miscommunication or information is sent out. Via email, text, or phone calls, ChatGPT allows companies to communicate better, keep sensitive information secure for their clients, and help improve their marketing strategies. ChatGPT is something only some have heard about, but it's an excellent way to enforce a more secure means of communication. - AI. For Personalization "AI allows companies to better offer users a personalized experience catered to their individual needs. By analyzing user behavior and preferences, AI technology enables e- commerce platforms to recommend products that are most likely to appeal to specific users based on their search history and previous purchases." A couple of things about AI-powered personalization are that companies and businesses can collect information from potential customers by analyzing what they search, look for, purchase history, and social media interactions via the internet. A critical aspect of AI for personalization is learning each customer's specific needs and preferences. With constant improvement in AI, there will be an enormous breakthrough soon. How can we, as people, companies, and organizations, prepare for the future trend in AI? Continue to educate others and ourselves by spreading awareness and remaining on top of how AI automates tasks to free up time for humans and help prevent human error. AI assists doctors' offices by analyzing images that have saved

more patients' lives. Also, self-driving cars such as Teslas are becoming popular, and we all will benefit from more advancements in AI. "One fundamental and measurable difference between now and the past is that machine learning has helped us come a long way toward solving perception. Machines were unable to read, hear, or see, which typically required the input to be curated for them. Newer systems can take the visual, auditory, or language input directly. This advancement enables the machine to take direct inputs from the world without human involvement and create its own internal representation for further processing." "For decades, we’ve been working over 40 hours a week, we feel under pressure, suffer from burn outs and other stress-related conditions and actual wages continue to fall. Why is this so, when productivity continues to rise? Many economists say this is all down to ‘competitive pressure." Despite the fact that economic productivity continues to grow in almost all areas, employees are still required to work as hard as ever while the actual wages fall [Pik14]. Thus workers do not benefit from the growth. Thus the question has to be asked: where are all the gains in productivity going?" Obviously not to the people who have created them. Instead, some of the profits are spent on investments and thus further growth, with the rest ending up with the people who own the capital [Pik14], leading to ever greater concentrations of capital among the few wealthy people and private banks, while poverty around the world continues to increase. This in turn increases tension and ultimately leads to wars, mass migration and flight. What is lacking is a fairer distribution of productivity gains. How can a fairer distribution of wealth be achieved?"

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Since the advancement and creation of AI, many companies have placed AI within their companies, businesses, and organizations. Cellular networks have taken the road of AI even though they are still in their beginning stages and work within many cell phone companies. "Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) will be an integral part of managing 5G networks. Using NFV, different virtual networks can be established in the same infrastructure providing diverse network services. Different virtual network functions (VNF) are created in different virtual machines, and VNF instances can be started, modified, or terminated on demand using a network management and orchestration system." Having VNF in place is one considerable benefit to cell phone users as some people experience signal loss, especially in secluded areas such as hiking or camping. It's even more prevalent because it can exist over the same infrastructure, providing better services. This improvement will significantly benefit and improve cell phone companies' networks. It will also increase customer acquisition and current customers staying with their services. "Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are in process of overlaying their conventional macro cellular networks with shorter range cells such as outdoor pico cells. The resultant increase in network complexity creates substantial overhead in terms of operating expenses, time, and labor for their planning and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential for MNOs to operate their networks in a more organic and cost-efficient manner." Walmart is one of the largest corporations today, and many people flock to it when they need to go shopping for food, household items, clothing, electronics, and more. However, by implementing AI, they have expanded their growth and customer use with machine learning,

making it easy for customers to shop and checkout without long lines or issues. "Walmart recognizes the significance of leveraging data analytics to uncover valuable insights that can fuel its expansion strategies." the use of machine learning and its practical use has allowed Walmart to have an increase in their customers and sales as it's more feasible for most who prefer to be in and out instead of waiting in long lines and having issues occur from human error that can prolong your time in the check-out line. It's a great benefit for consumers and Walmart to continue to expand and grow their corporation in the future. AI, when it comes to vehicles, has been around for decades and has increased its operational use over time. If we look back on history, we will see that the first self-driving car (Navlab5) was in 1995 and was piloted from Pittsburgh to San Diego; its purpose was steering itself without human assistance. It is similar to Tesla, but the acceleration and braking had to be done by a human. "Tesla, Inc. (formerly Tesla Motors, Inc.) is an American company formed in 2003 which manufactures electric vehicles in Palo Alto, California." Tesla has become a must- have vehicle for many worldwide, saving the economy money on fuel costs and accident reductions. "As quoted by the researcher Mr. Morgan Stanley (MS), according to his research on self-driving cars, he mentioned that they will be saving the economy of $488 billion in the economy in the yearly saving by reduction in accidents and $158billions by reduction in fuel." Today, Tesla has been and will continue to be one of the highest-rated manufactured self-driving cars. Tesla has proven to be the highest standard of vehicle types to drive based on the multitude of customer feedback and customers' choice of vehicles to drive.

Looking at regulatory issues surrounding this area has confused me, and I need clarification on how it is related to AI. However, after reading a couple of articles, I came across this definition that broke down what a regulator is. " Regulators' are entities that exercise powers in order to achieve control over the behaviours of regulatees. A regulator may be a tightly controlled government agency or a relatively independent commission, but it may alternatively be an incorporated body such as a stock exchange, or perhaps even an association that administers an industry Code of Conduct." Some regulatory issues surrounding AI are a risk of bias discrimination, data privacy risk, and security concerns .  Risk Of Bias Discrimination: AI was created by humans, and it is imperative to know this as it can be prejudiced and biased like human beings. Having biased and discriminatory technology can damage a company's reputation, and ensuring AI equipment operates fairly and ethically is essential.  Data Privacy Risk: Data keeps AI operational, and organizations must be aware of the importance of abiding by data privacy requirements as they feed employees' and customers' data from their AI systems. Organizations must keep their data safe by taking the proper steps. Last, Organizations must have awareness and security awareness programs to mitigate security breaches that could harm their sensitive information.  Security Concerns: As AI continues to improve revolutionary-wise, cybercriminals are increasing their ways of obtaining sensitive information, damaging an organization's systems, or worse. Continuous and updated training and consistent monitoring can help organizations ensure AI is appropriately used with their rules, regulations, and policies. .

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 Antitrust Capabilities: Regarding antitrust capabilities, AI can be of unethical use. For instance, if a corporation decides to get rid of AI, they associate it with specific issues that can bring loss. It's imperative to remain aware of the actions and violations of antitrust laws. With antitrust capabilities, organizations, businesses, and companies can improve their efficiency. "Given the technical and political complexities and the intensity of the threats, co-regulation is proposed as the most appropriate approach. This involves the establishment of a legislated framework with several key features. The parliament needs to declare the requirements, the enforcement processes and sanctions, and allocate the powers and responsibilities to appropriate regulatory agencies. " Global implications regarding AI are both positive and negative, and most companies benefit from its use. If we look at the companies mentioned above involved in AI, we can see Walmart, for example, has had a significant impact on the shopping experience where it has eliminated one major issue a lot of shoppers experience and are frustrated over, and it's their long lines because of lack of employees. With the use of AI and self-checkout, shoppers can shop easily and checkout without issues of prolonged waits. Making those quick runs to the store to pick up dinner or a forgotten item a lot smoother and stress-free. Self-driving vehicles are still new to many customers who are still learning and understanding their use. However, those extended family or business trips that some prefer to drive than fly have made it more accessible than vehicles. Yes, most vehicles have cruise control, which is a great benefit. However, suppose someone has an of-nowhere seizure or heart attack. Cruise control is not as efficient as self-

driving cars like Tesla, giving drivers a safer gap in those situations. Companies such as the ones I mention experience global implications when operating in the worldwide market and face challenges such as those noted. when they adopt strategies such as AI, they experience good results as they have been doing in their companies. AI is not new to our world as it has been here for decades, but with improvement. For example, if you have ever watched the movie Smart House (1999), Bicentennial Man (1999), The Sixth Day (2000), AI Artificial Intelligence (2001), and I, Robot (2004). You will see how different aspects of AI have been used, but some of us just learned of it during these times. Artificial intelligence has made a significant impact over the years and in people's lives. With continued increases in productivity and technology, AI will soon make a positive change in the world.

References Rouse, M. (2023) What is telecommunications? - definition from Techopedia . Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5570/telecommunications (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Five ai technologies (no date) SAS . Available at: https://www.sas.com/en_au/insights/articles/analytics/five-ai-technologies.html (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Ertel, W. (2019) (PDF) Artificial Intelligence and society . Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342110375_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Society (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Mirabella, M. (2024) Council post: The future of artificial intelligence: Predictions and trends , Forbes . Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2023/09/11/the- future-of-artificial-intelligence-predictions-and-trends/?sh=14d4b0bd2393 (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Clarke, R. (no date) Regulatory alternatives for AI . Available at: https://www.rogerclarke.com/EC/AIR-Final.pdf (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Kabir, H., Sobur, A. and Amin, R. (2023) (PDF) Walmart Data Analysis Using Machine Learning . Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372717483_Walmart_Data_Analysis_Using_Ma chine_Learning (Accessed: 24 March 2024).

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Shafin, R. et al. (no date) Arxiv . Available at: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07862.pdf (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Nagra, A. (2021) (PDF) an overview of artificial intelligence in automobile industry ... Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349298066_An_Overview_of_Artificial_Intellig ence_in_Automobile_Industry_-A_Case_Study_on_Tesla_Cars (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Dhar, V. (2016) The Future of Artificial Intelligence . Available at: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/big.2016.29004.vda (Accessed: 24 March 2024). Anderson, J., Rainie, L. and Luchsinger, A. (2018) Tony-Silva . Available at: http://tony- silva.com/eslefl/miscstudent/downloadpagearticles/AIhumanfuture-pew.pdf (Accessed: 24 March 2024).

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