MED 6165 HASSANOW
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University of Nairobi *
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Information Systems
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Nov 24, 2024
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ENO HASSANO AHMED
MAME/2022/35489
MED 6165 : ADVANCED MONITORING AND EVALUATION TECHNIQUES a)
Discuss what monitoring is all about Monitoring refers to the systematic process of regularly observing and measuring the performance and behavior of systems, services, and processes. The goal of monitoring is to provide insights into the health and functioning of these systems, identify potential problems, and resolve issues in a timely manner to ensure the stability, reliability, and availability of systems and services.
There are several types of monitoring, including:
Infrastructure Monitoring: This type of monitoring involves monitoring the underlying hardware and software components of systems, such as servers, storage systems, and networks. The goal of infrastructure monitoring is to ensure that these components are functioning correctly and to identify any problems that may affect the performance of systems and services.
Application Monitoring: This type of monitoring involves monitoring the performance of specific applications and services, such as web applications, databases, and cloud services. The goal of application monitoring is to ensure that applications are performing as expected and to identify any problems that may impact the user experience.
Network Monitoring: This type of monitoring involves monitoring the performance and behavior of networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and cloud networks. The
goal of network monitoring is to ensure that networks are functioning correctly and to identify any problems that may affect the performance of systems and services.
Log Monitoring: This type of monitoring involves monitoring log files generated by systems and services, such as system logs, application logs, and security logs. The goal of log monitoring is to identify issues and problems, as well as to gain insights into the performance and behavior of systems and services.
b)
Discuss why we do Monitoring
There are several reasons why organizations perform monitoring since it can help identify potential problems before they become critical, allowing organizations to proactively address issues and minimize downtime.
Ensuring system stability and reliability: Monitoring helps organizations ensure that their systems and services are functioning correctly and to identify any problems that may affect the stability and reliability of these systems.
Minimizing downtime: Monitoring can help organizations identify potential problems before they become critical, allowing them to proactively address issues and minimize downtime.
Improving performance and functionality: Monitoring provides insights into the performance and behavior of systems and services, allowing organizations to identify opportunities for optimization and improvement.
Detecting and resolving problems: Monitoring helps organizations detect and resolve problems in a timely manner, improving the overall health and stability of their systems and services.
Meeting compliance requirements: In some cases, monitoring may be required to meet regulatory or compliance requirements, such as monitoring the security of systems and data to ensure that sensitive information is protected.
c)
Who does monitoring
Monitoring can be performed by a variety of individuals and teams within an organization, including:
IT Operations Teams: IT operations teams are often responsible for the day-to-day monitoring of systems and services, including servers, networks, and applications. They use monitoring tools and techniques to monitor the health and performance of these systems and to identify and resolve
any problems that may arise.
DevOps Teams: DevOps teams are responsible for the development and operations of systems and services. They use monitoring to ensure that systems and services are functioning correctly, to identify potential problems, and to resolve issues in a timely manner.
System Administrators: System administrators are responsible for the configuration and maintenance of systems and services, including servers, networks, and applications. They use monitoring to ensure that systems are functioning correctly and to identify and resolve any problems that may arise.
Security Teams: Security teams are responsible for ensuring the security of systems and data. They use monitoring to identify security threats and vulnerabilities, to ensure that systems are protected, and to respond to security incidents.
d)
Discuss when do we do monitoring
Monitoring can be performed at various times, depending on the specific systems and services being monitored and the goals of the monitoring effort. Some common times for carrying out monitoring include:
Continuously:
For some systems and services, monitoring may need to be performed continuously, 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week. This type of monitoring is often performed by IT operations teams and is essential for ensuring the stability and reliability of critical systems and services.
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Regularly Scheduled: For other systems and services, monitoring may be performed on a regular, scheduled basis, such as once per hour or once per day. This type of monitoring can help organizations identify trends and patterns in system performance, and to identify and resolve issues before they become critical.
On Demand: Some organizations may choose to perform monitoring on demand, when specific issues arise
or when certain conditions are met. For example, monitoring may be performed when the performance of a system or service decreases significantly or when the utilization of a resource reaches a certain threshold.
Before and after Maintenance: Monitoring may also be performed before and after maintenance, to ensure that systems and services are functioning correctly before and after changes are made. This type of monitoring can help organizations identify any issues that may arise as a result of maintenance activities.
During Performance Tests: Monitoring may also be performed during performance tests, to evaluate the performance and
behavior of systems and services under various conditions. This type of monitoring can help organizations identify performance bottlenecks and to identify areas for improvement.
Question 2
Discuss the importance of adopting the participatory poverty assessment (PPA) in the community development process
Adopting the PPA approach in the community development process has several important benefits, including:
Better Integration of Community Needs: PPA provides a comprehensive understanding of the needs and priorities of a community, allowing for better integration of these needs into the development process. This can lead to more effective and sustainable development outcomes.
More Inclusive Approach: PPA involves a more inclusive approach to development by engaging with a wider range of community members, including those who are typically marginalized or excluded from the development process. This can lead to more equitable development outcomes.
Increased Awareness of Poverty: PPA can increase awareness of poverty among community members and development organizations, leading to a greater understanding of the challenges facing communities and a greater commitment to addressing poverty.
Enhanced Community Ownership: PPA can enhance community ownership of the development process by involving community
members in the identification and analysis of poverty and the development of solutions. This can lead to more sustainable development outcomes.
Improved Data Quality: PPA can improve the quality of data collected on poverty and development by engaging community members in the data collection process. This can lead to more accurate and reliable information, which can be used to inform decision-making.
Greater Transparency: PPA can promote greater transparency in the development process by involving community members in the collection and analysis of information on poverty and development. This can help to build trust and increase accountability in the development process.
Question 3
Discuss some of the principles common to both rapid rural appraisal ( RRA) and participatory rural appraisal (PRA). Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) are approaches used to involve community members in the identification and analysis of development challenges and the development of solutions. Both RRA and PRA share several common principles, including:
Empowerment: Both RRA and PRA aim to empower community members by involving them in the development process and providing them with a voice in decision-making.
Community Involvement: Both RRA and PRA place a strong emphasis on involving community members in the development process, including in data collection and analysis.
Holistic Approach: Both RRA and PRA take a holistic approach to development, considering the interrelated nature of social, economic, environmental, and cultural factors.
Rapid Assessment: Both RRA and PRA aim to conduct assessments quickly and efficiently, often in a matter of days or weeks.
Flexibility: Both RRA and PRA are flexible approaches that can be adapted to a wide range of development challenges and contexts.
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