LA - PY462 - ASD case example

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Clarkson University *

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462

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Industrial Engineering

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Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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2

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Uploaded by DeaconMandrill3758

PY462 ASD Case Example 1. What is the most likely diagnosis for this case? What are the specific symptoms that indicate this diagnosis? 2. What are some of the biological, psychological, social, and sociocultural factors that may be contributing to these problems? 3. What are two treatments or interventions you would recommend? How would they be implemented for this individual? Jack is a 7-year-old boy who lives in Syracuse with his parents. He is the only child of his two parents, both of whom have completed post-graduate education. Jack is an intelligent and caring young boy who presents with significant potential to excel academically. In his spare time, Jack enjoys spending time with his friends, and participating in physical activities such as swimming, running, and skating. He also enjoys participating in social events, and is often invited to playdates and birthday parties. It is noteworthy that he did not know his home address or parents’ phone numbers, could not print his last name, and recognized only a few pre-primer words. While Jack interacts well with peers his own age, his parents note that he can be easily influenced and led by others. They also report that Jack gets upset when he does not receive recognition or feels that he has been ignored. His teacher notes that he sometimes acts socially immature, and that he often demonstrates attention-seeking behavior. Jack describes difficulties with focusing and sitting still in class. He recognizes that he is able to ‘hyperfocus’ on some activities of interest, however he often has difficulty sustaining his attention at school. His parents and teacher indicate that Jack is restless, and often requires reminders to help him stay on task. He is described as “constantly running around” and presenting with difficulties listening and following instructions. Jack’s teacher indicates that he often blurts out answers and interrupts other students in the classroom. Jack recognizes this tendency in himself, but he says that he ‘can’t stop’ in spite of his best intentions. Jack has always had challenges falling asleep, and sometimes finds that he wakes up in the middle of the night. When he wakes up, he finds that he has a difficult time all back to sleep too- sometimes staying awake for as long as an hour and a half. His mother reports difficulties at home with following routines and remembering instructions. His parents describe emotional reactivity as well as confrontational behaviors demonstrated both
at home and at school. His teacher notes that Jack is very defiant towards listening to instructions, but generally interacts well with his peers. He is easily frustrated and emotionally impulsive- Jack has had several incidents of hitting, crying outbursts, and inappropriate behavior. Behavioral concerns with aggression, lying, arguments, and disruptive behavior were noted in preschool programs at age 4. 1. The most likely diagnosis for Jack is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He presents over 6 symptoms required for this diagnosis such as poor attention to detail, attention problems, does not appear to listen when spoken to difficulty organizing task, forgetful, fidgeting, restlessness, excessive movement, loudness, and blurting out answers, among other symptoms as mentioned in this case example. 2. With the knowledge that his mother shows signs of this diagnosis as well, including difficulty following through on tasks and forgetfulness, and knowing that women are less likely to receive treatment if they are diagnosed at all, Jack likely inherited this disorder from his mother. Additionally, the rate of ADHD is much higher in males than females, especially for the hyperactive/impulsive subtype of this disorder. There are few other factors that may contribute to the progression of Jack’s ADHD, but it was mentioned that his parents both have post-graduate degrees. If they both work high-power jobs, and are not at home often to help Jack work through these issues, it's possible that this stress on Jack could be adding to his symptoms. 3. Two treatments I would suggest for Jack are parental behavior training and classroom management, and possibly behavioral rewards. Jack expresses positivity with social connections, and his main issues are only really at home and at school. The parental behavior training could alleviate some issues for Jack at home, potentially reducing his seeming insomnia. Classroom management would be a good strategy to try and help Jack focus better in the classroom setting or simply just regulate the excessive talking he presents with. Stimulants would not be my first option for treatment for this disorder. Since Jack already presents with restlessness and sleep impairment, stimulants may worsen that symptom even if they help him manage his other symptoms. Especially since he is so young, introducing medications that are highly addictive and could result in negative consequences should not be the first method in attempt to regulate his hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors.
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