CJ 205 Module Five History of Policing in America
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CJ 205 Module Five Practice Activity Template
History of Policing in America
To complete this template, replace the bracketed text with the relevant information.
Describe major policing events or evolutions in American policing during each era. Write
three or more sentences
in each cell where a response is required.
American Policing:
The Colonial Experience
American Policing:
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
American Policing:
Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
The North: The Watch
Policing in Colonial America was very irregular.
The Watch first began in Boston around 1636.
Then the “Big Apple” aka New York followed and
started shortly after, in 1658. Philly started one of
their own in the 1700’s. Although these cities
adopted their own Watch, it wasn’t nearly as
effective in crime control. The Watch consisted of
volunteers from the community who wanted to
play their part. Some of the members would drink
and sleep while on duty. Those who committed
crimes were put on watch duty as punishment for
mistakes they had made in the past.
The Urban Experience
Police were now recognized as government
officials. In the 1880’s, almost every major city
had their own internal police department.
Policing from 1900 to 1960
With police reform and technology
advances, policing
began to evolve. Officers now had two-way
radios to
communicate with one another. In 1908, the
Federal
Bureau of Investigation was created.
The South: Slave Patrols and Codes
The first formal slave patrol was created in the
Carolina colonies around 1704. The slave patrol
was to aid in the capture and return of runaway
slaves and returning them back to their slave
master’s. They also enforced and upheld the rules
of segregation. After the Civil War, slave
patrols were disbanded and no longer allowed to
practice their responsibilities.
The Southern Experience
In the South, where Jim Crow laws thrived.
These laws in particular promoted segregation.
In the 1800’s, the Charleston slave patrol was
among the largest. With Jim Crow laws in effect,
slave patrols throughout The South continued to
grow. Finding qualified candidates was an issue
that was being faced. The military ended up
taking on police responsibilities.
Policing in the 1960s and 1970s
The Community Era of policing was
formed. This consisted of officers giving
back more to the community and engaging
more with individuals where they patrolled.
This helped those in the community learn to
trust police officers
American Policing:
The Colonial Experience
American Policing:
Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
American Policing:
Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
No response required
The Frontier Experience
Sherriff’s and marshals began to take over
policing. Some of the law officials weren’t
respected and were targeted by vandals, and
outlaws. Texas claimed and declared its
independence from Mexico in 1836. The Texas
Rangers were created and designated to maintain
control of all crime within the Texas borders.
Policing in the 1980s and 1990s
In the 1980’s, the crack/methamphetamine
epidemic was a massive issue. That led to
the war on drugs. Crime was increasing and
the police force was decreasing.
No response required
No response required
Policing in the 2000s
In the 2000s, policing had taken a turn for
the better. Following a spree of officer
shootings, police today now wear body
cameras, that record every second of a
police encounter. There have also been
lots of videos on social media, when officers
are engaging with the community. They play
basketball with local kids and even assist
with giving Christmas gifts to those who are
less fortunate than others who are blessed to
have what they need.
References
Police: History - Early Policing In Colonial America
. (n.d.).
https://law.jrank.org/pages/1640/Police-History-Early-policing-in-colonial-America.html#:~:text=The
%20development%20of%20law%20enforcement,fire%2C%20crime%2C%20and%20disorder
.
Development of the American Police: An Historical Overview (From Critical Issues in Policing: Contemporary Readings, P 14-30, 1989, Roger G Dunham and
Geoffrey P Alpert, eds. -- See NCJ-114674) | Office of Justice Programs
. (n.d.).
https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/development-american-police-
historical-overview-critical-issues#:~:text=During%20the%2018th%20and%2019th,both%20London%20and%20American%20cities
.
Police: History - Policing Twentieth-century America—the Reform Era
. (n.d.).
https://law.jrank.org/pages/1643/Police-History-Policing-twentieth-century-
America-reform-era.html
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