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4:50 4 ! X CAYLEE ROUNT... Q M @ Pages 97-99, Cities 1. What were three reasons for urbanization? - Three reasons for urbanization were railroads and improved roads made it easier for people to move cities, many people were attracted by the cultural opportunities and variety of city life, and the rise of factories and the needs of growing urban populations created more jobs. 2. On page 98, it lists five new problems cities faced, what were they? - Five new problems cities faced were overcrowding, lack of sanitation and pollution, traffic congestion, vast differences in wealth, and political corruption. 3. How did political machines work? - Political machines work by controlling a strong leader or boss. It gets citizens to vote for candidates on election day. People worked for the “machine” in exchange for political favors and other rewards. 4. Although political machines were corrupt, they also provided social services to those in need, how? - Although political machines were corrupt, they also provided social services to those in need using its control of the city government to make profits by overcharging on construction or for other services. Pages 99-104, Immigration 1. What was the difference between “Old Immigrants” and “New Immigrants™? - The difference between “Old Immigrants™ and “New Immigrants™ is that *Old Immigrants™ generally came to escape religious and political persecution or to find new economic opportunities. Most of them spoke English and came to escape hardships. Whereas on the other hand, “New Immigrants™ came from Southern and Eastern Europe, especially Austria-Hungary, Italy, Russia, and Greece. They were typically Catholic, Jewish, or Orthodox. They spoke little to no English and were very poor and uneducated. 2. What was the cheapest class (ticket) across the Atlantic also known as? - The cheapest class (ticket) across the Atlantic is also known as steerage. 3. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France. What did it come to symbolize? - The Statue of Liberty symbolizes America's willingness to accept the “tired” and “poor huddled masses™ of other lands, “yearning to be free”. 4. What were two challenges “New Immigrants™ faced in the New Land? - Two challenges “New Immigrants” faced in the New Land were that they were unfamiliar with American customs and ways from foods and kitchen implements to voting in elections. The other challenge faced was that they could only find employment at unskilled jobs for long hours with low pay. 5. How did “New Immigrants™ cope with these challenges? - “New Immigrants” coped with these challenges by settling down in urban neighborhoods with other immigrants of the same nationality, known to historians as “ghettos™. 6. How were Chinese and Japanese treated differently than those coming through Ellis Island? - Chinese and Japanese were treated differently than those coming through Ellis Island by receiving worse treatment than those arriving from Europe. They could’ve been kept in prison for days, weeks, or even months. 7. Why were Chinese and Japanese treated differently than those coming through Ellis Island? - Chinese and Japanese were treated differently than those coming through Ellis Island by having them serve as a source of cheap labor and this threatened the jobs of Americans. 8. What did Nativists believe was a “true” American? - Nativists believed that the only “true” Americans were native-born, white, English-speaking and Protestant characteristics that a majority of American citizens shared at that time. 9. How did they feel about these “New Immigrants™? - Nativists viewed the “New Immigrants™ as dirty and unhealthy, and feared that they woula Iowcr !mcrlcall s!anaaras o! |1vmg, spread disease, and