American Notes

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Oct 30, 2023

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Tuesday, September 12, 2023 American Culture Notes + Quizzes Week 2 Quiz 1. The Declaration of Independence was signed • more than a decade before the US Constitution was ratified. • in the same year that the US Constitution was ratified. • five years after the US Constitution was ratified. Explanation: declaration of independence from England was required to have been made before the US could create a document that creates the structure of its own country. 2. Which document created the structure of American government? • The Constitution. • The Naturalization Act. • The Declaration of Independence. 3. The writers of the Declaration of Independence are declaring independence from: • the king of England. • the president of the United States. • the indigenous people of North America. 4. Which region of the United States had disproportionately high representation in Congress because of the three-fifths compromise? • the north • the south • the east • the west 5. What group of people was mentioned as "not taxed" in the three-fifth's compromise section of the US Constitution? • Women 1

Tuesday, September 12, 2023 • Indians • Enslaved people. 6. The Bill of Rights preserves • democracy (one person, one vote). • individual rights • both democracy and individual rights. • neither democracy nor individual rights 7. The 1790 Naturalization Act required people to speak English to become citizens of the United States. FALSE 8. The 1790 Naturalization Act required people to be White to become citizens of the United States. TRUE 9. The 14th Amendment legally established African Americans as American citizens. TRUE 10.The 14th Amendment legally established Native Americans as American Citizens. FALSE 11.The 14th Amendment expanded the power of • state governments. • the national government. • American women. 2

Tuesday, September 12, 2023 Week 6 Quiz - Zhou article 1. Author Min Zhou argues that it is incorrect to say that Asian Americans have become white True Asian Americans have not become white even though they have attained the career, financial and martial success levels equivalent to white peoples. They still are not white though because they still remain culturally distinct and foreign due to their appearance. They could not melt in the same way Jews have. 2. According to Min Zhou, the term "Asian American" • was created by white Americans in the 1920s. • is just as o ff ensive as "Oriental" to most people from countries in Asia. • was created by an Asian-American activist in the late 1960s. The term “Asian American” was coined by the late historian and activist Yuji Ichioka during the ethnic consciousness movements of the late 1960s. To adopt this identity was to reject the western-imposed label of “Oriental.” Today, “Asian American” is an umbrella category that includes both U.S. citizens and immigrants whose ancestors came from Asia, east of Iran. Since the identity was adopted by Asian-Americans, we know that the term is not o ff ensive. 3. According to Zhou, "attaining white status" • is something that Asian Americans want, because it provides opportunities for advancement. • is something that Asian Americans don't want, because it means letting go of one's ethnicity and background. • Both options. 4. After 1965, the number of immigrants from Asian countries increased significantly. True - (this was after the Vietnam war and the Accelerated Immigration Act (Hart- celler act)) The sevenfold growth of the Asian-origin population in the span of 30- odd years is primarily due to accelerated immigration following the Hart-Celler Act of 1965, which ended the national origins quota system, and the historic resettlement of Southeast Asian refugees after the Vietnam War 5. Currently, the two largest subgroups of Asian Americans in the US are • Chinese and Japanese. 3

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Tuesday, September 12, 2023 • Chinese and Vietnamese • Indian and Filipino • Chinese and Filipino 6. A majority of Asian-origin people living in the United States are foreign-born. True Currently, about 60 percent of the Asian-origin population is foreignborn (the first generation), another 28 percent are U.S.-born of foreign-born parents (the second generation), and just 12 percent were born to U.S.-born parents (the third generation and beyond). 7. How do today's immigrants from Asia di ff er from those in the past? • Their reasons for migrating are less diverse than in the past, with almost all coming here for economic reasons. • Places where they settle in the US are more diverse than they used to be, with some settling in urban "ethnic enclaves" but others spreading out to suburbs. • Most current Asian immigrants are highly-skilled, entering fields like medicine and engineering. Urban ethnic enclaves include Chinatown and Korea Town but now immigrants won’t necessarily move into their ethnic enclave and will instead move straight into the suburbs. 8. Among which immigrant group to the US are less-educated, low-skilled workers more common? • Chinese • Japanese • Hmong • Filipino For example, Chinese, Taiwanese, Indian, and Filipino Americans tend to be over- represented among scientists, engineers, physicians and other skilled professionals, but less educated, low-skilled workers are more common among Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, and Hmong Americans, most of whom entered the United States as refugees. 4

Tuesday, September 12, 2023 9. The term "model minority" is something that Asian Americans like, because it shows them to be smart and admirable. False Model minority is a negative way of perceive other minorities and so the asian American community itself does not prefer it. 10.The "model minority" stereotype makes Americans hold Asian Americans to higher standards than other people. True 11.More recent immigrants from Asian countries are: • more likely to identify as Asian American than those born in the US. • equally likely to identify as Asian American than those born in the US. • less likely to identify as Asian American than those born in the US. Di ff erences in national origins, timing of immigration, a ffl uence and settlement patterns profoundly inhibit the formation of a pan-ethnic identity. Recent arrivals are less likely than those born or raised in the United States to identify as Asian American. They are also so busy settling in that they have little time to think about being Asian or Asian American, or, for that matter, white. Their diverse origins include drastic di ff erences in languages and dialects, religions, cuisines and customs Week 6 Quiz - Ira and Baldwin articles 1. Ira Berlin explains that immigration from Africa and the Caribbean • increased after 1965 • decreased after 1965 • remained fairly constant before and after 1965 This is because the immigration act passed in 1965. 2. According to Berlin, the narrative of African-American history feels quite accurate and relevant to the experience of new immigrants from Africa. FALSE False because new immigrants from Africa do not identify with the history of slavery because they come from di ff erent backgrounds (not African american). For example, someone from Somalia may appear black but does not identify with the African American history. A US born black person will have a large disparity in terms of income 5

Tuesday, September 12, 2023 because Black immigrants probably come with a source of money but US born individuals started with nothing. 3. Berlin describes African-American history in terms of a series of: • Migrations • Injustices • Stories Timeline: 1600-1700s - from Africa to America In 1800s - from coast to inland of the stats Mid 1900s - from south to north of use 1900s-2000s - immigration from the Caribbean, Haiti and other countries 4. What percentage of black Americans are currently immigrants or children of immigrants from Africa and the Caribbean? • 1% • 10% • 20% 5. According to Berlin, what makes the history of African Americans whose ancestry is connected to American slavery distinct? • They are more connected to more recent black migrants than white Americans are to recent white migrants. • They were denied their personal history, with their connections to ancestors erased. - because of being enslaved, that history was lost • They had more of an opportunity to live the American dream than others. 7. James Baldwin rejects the idea that there is a • white community. • Jewish community. • Irish community. 6

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Tuesday, September 12, 2023 “For the Jews came here from countries where they were not white, and they came here, in part, because they were not white; and incontestably in the eyes of the Black American (and not only in those eyes) American Jews have opted to become white, and this is how they operate.” A bunch of di ff erent white people with di ff erent backgrounds and religions and places of origin melted together but they didn’t form a community. It was just a melted pot of white people. 8. Baldwin says that Jewish people • were always considered white in the US and elsewhere. • came to be considered white in the US. - due to the melting pot phenomenon • have never been considered white in the US. 9. Baldwin says that Americans became white in order to justify Black subjugation. TRUE Americans wanted to be white just so that would not be black and at the bottom. 10. Baldwin says that Black people were Black before they came to America. FALSE Week 7 Quiz - Nelson Articles - New Jim Crow article not on the exam 1. In her article "The Longue Durée of Black Lives Matter" Alondra Nelson claims that injustices protested by the "Black Lives Matter" movement extend back to A. slavery (1600s-1865) B. the Jim Crow era (1877-1960s) C. Post-World-War-II suburbanization (1945-1965) “This is a battle that stretches back to the era of slavery when people of African descent were deemed fractional beings—three fifths of a human—and when “soundness” took precedence over health”. 7

Tuesday, September 12, 2023 2. Nelson introduces us to Ida B. Wells who presented a "perverse paradox" of slavery. What did she claim was this paradox? A. Dwarfing the body and preserving the soul B. Dwarfing the soul and preserving the body. C. Dwarfing both the soul and body. They required “sound” bodies so that they could do labor but they did not care for the soul/mind 3. Nelson's article appeared in The American Journal of Public Health. How does health connect to Black Lives Matter? Write five sentences to answer, referring to the article at least twice. In 1972, BPP chairwoman Elaine Brown oversaw a revision of the BPP’s founding manifesto.5 This revision included the addition of a new Point 6, an explicit demand for “completely free healthcare for all black and oppressed people”: We believe that the government must provide, free of charge, for the people, health facilities which will not only treat our illnesses, most of which have come about as a result of our oppression, but which will also develop preventative medical programs to guarantee our future survival. We believe that mass health education and research programs must be developed to give Black and oppressed people access to advanced scientific and medical information, so we may provide ourselves with proper medical attention and care.8 (p48–49) The Black Panther Party worked to provide free health care for black peoples through the Peoples Free Healthcare Clinics. They also looked into sickle cell anemia which a ff ected black peoples regularly because This was a way of respecting the “body” aspect of what Ida B Wells said. The Black Panther Party was not seen as favourable and was seen as radical and violent instead of how they truly were trying to better the healthcare status of black Americans. 4. What is a "Mississippi appendectomy” according to Famie Lou Hamer? A. When an appendix is removed in Mississippi. B. When black women are sterilized without their consent in Mississippi. C. When a black woman has an abortion in Mississippi. 8

Tuesday, September 12, 2023 5. Author Alondra Nelson is highly critical of the Black Panther Party, explaining that they were too radical and violent. FALSE 6. The People's Free Health Clinics A. provided only health care, no other social services. - they did also provide social services though B. were started by the Black Panther Party. C. provided both basic health services and specialized medicine. - they didn’t provide specialized medicine thought 7. Which was NOT something advocated by the BPP? A. The Tuskegee syphilis study B. Screening for sickle cell anemia C. Free health care for Black and other oppressed people. 9

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