Reevaluating Columbus Day and Thanksgiving_ Commemorating Early Colonial Events- Nicolette Murphy

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Sam Houston State University *

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1301

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History

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Oct 30, 2023

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Reevaluating Columbus Day and Thanksgiving: Commemorating Early Colonial Events Columbus Day and Thanksgiving, two fall holidays in the United States, hold deep historical significance as they commemorate events from the early colonial period. However, in recent years, these holidays have come under scrutiny due to their connection to the colonization of Native American lands. This essay will explore the historical origins of Columbus Day and Thanksgiving and discuss whether we should continue to observe them in light of this controversy. To make an informed judgment, we will examine the historical evidence surrounding these holidays and consider their broader implications. Columbus Day: A Controversial Celebration, Columbus Day, observed on October 9th, commemorates Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas on October 12, 1492. For centuries, this holiday was celebrated with enthusiasm as it marked the beginning of European exploration and the discovery of the New World. However, the celebrations have evolved over time, and in recent years, they have taken on a more critical tone. One of the central issues surrounding Columbus Day is the legacy of colonization and its devastating impact on Native American populations. Columbus's arrival marked the beginning of a period characterized by violence, disease, forced labor, and the displacement of indigenous peoples. As a result, many argue that celebrating Columbus Day is tantamount to celebrating the suffering and oppression endured by Native Americans. Historical records attest to the atrocities committed during the early years of colonization. Bartolomé de las Casas, a Spanish Dominican friar, chronicled the mistreatment of indigenous populations in his work "A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" (1552). His account provides compelling evidence of the brutality inflicted upon Native Americans by Columbus and subsequent European colonists. In recent years, some U.S. cities and states have taken steps to address these concerns. They have renamed Columbus Day as Indigenous Peoples' Day, recognizing the resilience and contributions of Native American communities. This change reflects a growing awareness of the need to confront the darker aspects of history and honor the diverse cultures that existed long before Columbus's arrival. Thanksgiving: A Complex Commemoration, Thanksgiving, observed on the fourth Thursday of November, commemorates the harvest feast shared between English Pilgrims and

Wampanoag Native Americans in 1621. While Thanksgiving is often associated with unity and gratitude, it, too, has faced scrutiny for its historical context. The traditional Thanksgiving narrative celebrates the cooperation between Pilgrims and Native Americans, emphasizing a harmonious relationship. However, this narrative oversimplifies the complex history of colonization and the subsequent dispossession and suffering of indigenous peoples. Historical evidence reveals a more nuanced story. The arrival of English settlers in Plymouth in 1620 brought diseases, land encroachments, and conflicts that disrupted Native American communities. Tisquantum, commonly known as Squanto, played a significant role in helping the Pilgrims survive, but his story reflects the tragic consequences of European contact. He was among those who had been captured and taken to Europe as a slave before returning to find his Patuxet tribe wiped out by disease. Furthermore, the peace celebrated during the first Thanksgiving was short-lived. Over the years, conflicts escalated, leading to the tragic King Philip's War in 1675-1676, which resulted in the deaths of many Native Americans and the colonization of their lands. Why should we continue to observe these holidays? The question of whether we should continue to observe Columbus Day and Thanksgiving in their traditional forms is a matter of ongoing debate. To make an informed judgment, we must consider several factors: Historical Reckoning. It is crucial to acknowledge the historical realities of colonization and the suffering experienced by Native American communities. Recognizing this history is essential for reconciliation and understanding Next, Reinterpretation and Renaming, As demonstrated by the adoption of Indigenous Peoples' Day, there is a way to reframe these holidays to focus on broader themes of unity, diversity, and cultural exchange rather than celebrating the conquest and oppression of indigenous peoples. Education and Awareness is continuing to observe these holidays can serve as opportunities for education and raising awareness about the complexities of history. Rather than erasing them, we can use them to facilitate dialogue and reflection. Finally, Acknowledging Native Perspectives. It is vital to engage with Native American communities and listen to their perspectives on these holidays. Their voices should be central to any decisions regarding the observance of these events.

In conclusion, Columbus Day and Thanksgiving, while rooted in historical events, have become contentious due to their association with the colonization of Native American lands. Whether we should continue to observe these holidays in their traditional forms is a matter of ongoing debate. Historical evidence reveals the undeniable suffering caused by colonization, and it is essential to acknowledge this history. However, there are ways to reframe and reinterpret these holidays to focus on unity, diversity, and cultural exchange, rather than celebrating conquest and oppression. Renaming and educating about the historical complexities can help us move toward a more inclusive and empathetic commemoration of these events. Ultimately, the path forward should involve open dialogue, respect for Native American perspectives, and a commitment to addressing the injustices of the past while fostering understanding and unity in the present and future. The importance of Columbus Day and Thanksgiving is subjective and can depend on personal beliefs, cultural background, and awareness of historical context. Thanksgiving tends to hold more universal and positive cultural significance as a day of gratitude and family gathering. Columbus Day, however, has been the subject of controversy and debate, with some communities choosing to reframe it to address historical injustices and celebrate indigenous cultures. Ultimately, the significance of these holidays may differ from person to person, and their importance may evolve over time as societal perspectives change.

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