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BIG PICTURE IDEAS #1. To break trade monopoly of the Empire in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, the Europeans established Empires using technology like sails on ships like . #2. These new European empires built along the coasts of Africa and Asia and chartered to allow investors to profit. The economic theory justified control of the economy. #3. The linked the and hemispheres leading to new plants, animals, and diseases spreading across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. #4. New types of coerced labor dominated the economies of the maritime empires with enslaved Africans being forced into and the Native Americans being forced into the system. #5. New social hierarchies like the formed in Latin America. Globally, new empires often met with to their attempts at expansion. #6. The spread of peoples and empires led to an of interactions that lead to new belief systems like in the Caribbean which was a mixture of West African and Catholic beliefs. KEY VOCAB Caravel Columbian Exchange Trading Post Empire Encomienda Joint-Stock Company Mercantilism B Middle Passage Vodun Maroons Chattel Slavery MAIN CHARACTERS Prince Henry Christopher Columbus Our Lady of Guadalupe Queen Nanny Montezuma TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS 1. Describe two navigational benefits of each of the following in Maritime exploration. Lateen Sails Caravels Compass 2. Beyond new technologies to control the wind, navigators also used knowledge of to sail across great distances. EXPLORATION 3. Identify the explorer who best fits the description of their voyages. Opened a school to teach Islamic/Classical navigational techniques to Portuguese navigators. Crossed the Atlantic Ocean in search of the East Indies in 1492, inadvertently finding the Americas. Rounded the Cape of Good Hope to become the first European to reach India by sea. 4. Identify one economic benefit of establishing a trading-post empire. 5. Identify the world region where each of the following empires were expanded. Latin America West Africa Southern Africa Middle East South Asia Southeast Asia East Asia Oceania Spanish ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ Portuguese ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ French ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ Dutch ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ British ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ © UltimateReviewPacket.com - Annual license required. Do not share or post online. Page 1 of 4 Advanced Placement ® and AP ® are registered trademarks of the College Board.

THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE 6. Describe one impact that Columbian Exchange had in each of the following on the Western Hemisphere. Disease The Economy The Environment 7. For each of the following, identify the hemisphere of origin prior to the Columbian Exchange. Sugar: ☐ Western ▢ Eastern Corn: ☐ Western ☐ Eastern Malaria: ☐ Western ☐ Eastern Okra: ☐ Western ▢ Eastern Smallpox: ☐ Western ☐ Eastern Potato: ☐ Western ☐ Eastern 8. Identify one way each of the following accelerated the Columbian Exchange. Enslaved persons European Colonizers Plantations 9. Identify two ways that populations in Afro-Eurasia benefitted from the new crops from the Western Hemisphere. MARITIME EMPIRES 10.How did Prince Henry the Navigator advance European understanding of maritime technologies? 11. The first European voyage to successfully establish an empire in the New World was . 12. Identify one way each of the following empires responded to the arrival of Europeans. Aztec Inca Mughal 13. While many navigators sailed south to go around Africa and the Americas; some Dutch, British, and French voyagers attempted to sail west to find the . These attempts ultimately ended with . 14. Describe the political system that the Spanish and Portuguese used to establish control of their territories in the New World. 15. Spanish conquerors were guaranteed coerced labor from the Native Americans in the system where Spaniards would convert them to and teach them the language. 16. Describe one religious impact of the following on belief systems in the Western Hemisphere. Vodun Our Lady of Guadalupe 17. Gender and family roles in Africa underwent massive demographic changes with the number of decreasing as a direct result of the . © UltimateReviewPacket.com - Annual license required. Do not share or post online. Page 2 of 4 Advanced Placement ® and AP ® are registered trademarks of the College Board.

ECONOMICS 26. Crops that were grown in the Western Hemisphere to be sold in Europe were known as and they were produced in the economy. 27. Although slavery has existed for millenia, this period saw a new form called , in which the enslaved were seen as by their owners. 28. Describe one unique characteristic of these three coerced labor systems. Mit’a Encomienda Chattel 29. Identify two benefits of establishing a Joint Stock Company. 30. Using imagery from this cartoon , explain Mercantilism. 31. Identify one economic benefit that the expansion of trade networks provided for African states like Asante or Kongo. 32. Identify two examples of goods traded in the Atlantic System and describe the impact on the economies around the Atlantic Ocean. Two goods traded Impact Europe to Africa Africa to the Americas Americas to Europe THESIS PRACTICE Prompt: Evaluate the extent to which the Columbian Exchange affected peoples in the Americas in this time period. 33. Write a thesis statement for the prompt. 34. Write a contextualization for your argument. 35. Describe one piece of evidence that supports your thesis. © UltimateReviewPacket.com - Annual license required. Do not share or post online. Page 4 of 4 Advanced Placement ® and AP ® are registered trademarks of the College Board.