Ch. 2 PREVIEW Quiz

Quiz #2 PREVIEW 1. Read Chapter #2 “Race, Immigration, and Citizenship: From the 1840s to the 1920s.” 2. Watch three brief videos that complement the readings: “Racist History of Immigration Laws: https://youtu.be/Tfl4C9frX6g?list=PLS0kClioGuMg7u5DWMH6V5Iaohy4xDcbb ”Immigration and Eugenics in the USA”: https://youtu.be/UpaRroDbFJ4 “La Operacion in Puerto Rico”: https://youtu.be/r6XEuu_auR8 -------------------------------------------------------- 1. As described by historian Noel Ignatiev, which ethnic group “ceased to be Green” after immigrating to America? a. Germans b. Jewish c. Irish d. Italians 2. This chapter explores the United States between 1840 to the 1920s. With respect to the primary topic/title of this course, what happened during this 80+ time period that was so important for racial and ethnic relations and that your author also claims to be especially important at the start of the chapter? a. Armstrong lands on the moon b. Dr. Biafora was born c. Massive influx of immigrants from Europe, Asia and Mexico d. Invention of the combustion engine and automobile 3. The section “ The Continuation of Scientific Racism ” provides a number of examples of how science has been used to divide people into groups and make claims of racial superiority. The first method discussed was craniometry – the study cranial/brain capacity. Here the early data supported the claim that ______ were the superior race. a. Whites b. Blacks c. Native Americans d. Asians 4. Next up was intelligence quotient (IQ) testing, originally designed as a tool to match school children with the appropriate educational training. It is not surprising that IQ testing became an efficient tool (some might call weapon) to sort and track individuals based on “intelligence” and to make claims of racial superiority. In the late 1960s, Psychologist Arthur Jensen argued that

_____% of a person’s IQ is based on genetic inheritance (Nature argument), while the remaining _____% was due to environment and upbringing (Nurture argument). a. 50 / 50 b. 60 / 40 c. 70 / 30 d. 80 / 20 5. What scientist was highlighted by Golash-Boza as challenging head-on the IQ research of Psychologist Arthur Jensen on the grounds of its tautological reasoning and, further, that Jensen made the flimsy idea of intelligence into a “scientific” concept merely by “measuring” it and then arguing that some groups are more superior to others by this made-up concept? a. Evolutionary Biologist - Stephen J. Gould b. Sociologist - Frank Biafora c. Astronomer - Neil Degrassi Tyson d. African American Scholar – William Julius Wilson 6. For any number of reasons, the IQ debate rages on, and every couple of years another scientist comes forward with yet another study that assumes IQ exists and makes group comparisons – such as Hernstein and Murray’s The Bell Curve (1994) or Nicholas Wade’s A Troublesome Interitance (2014). Your author states that sociologists tend to identify studies such as these as examples of ___________. a. Predictable b. Truth c. Pseudoscience d. Crap 7. The scary part of perpetuating lousy science is that it can have very real consequences for the advancement and adoption of specific political agendas. Take for example the ________ movement, a practice of controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable characteristics in a population and decrease undesirable characteristics. a. Eugenics b. Encampment c. Sorting d. Separation 8. Less than 100 years ago, this German political leader rose to power with plans to create a “master race” - a concept advanced by American researcher and author Madison Grant in his book The Passing of the Great Race . This “leader” referred to Grant’s book as his “bible” for carrying out his agenda to create a white master race through eugenics, euthanasia, sterilization, and extermination.

d. 15 th 13. Interestingly, this group was noticeably excluded from birthright citizenship – even though they were the first inhabitants of this land we call the United States - until 1924? a. Chinese Americans b. Irish Americans c. Native Americans d. Cuban Americans 14. In the section “How the Irish, Italians, and Jews Became White” your author describes the fascinating process/story of how certain “desired” immigrants to the United States in the mid to late 1800s and early 1900s experienced the process of “assimilation” and “racialization.” _____________ is defined as a process whereby immigrants lose their ethnic distinctiveness and become part of the mainstream, whereas ___________ is a process whereby people come to be recognized as part of a particular racial group. a. Racialization / Assimilation b. Assimilation / Racialization 15. This large immigrant group to the United States in the mid to latter parts of the 1800s accepted manual labor jobs typically held by Black Americans, and established labor unions that, ironically, excluded Black labor from membership? a. Italian Americans b. Irish Americans c. Native Americans d. Jewish Americans 16. Anti-Semitism is a term used to describe discrimination against persons with this ethnic background. a. Italian Americans b. Irish Americans c. Native Americans d. Jewish Americans 17. As described by your author, several groups “Became White” over time in American. All except: a. Italian Americans b. Irish Americans c. Native Americans d. Jewish Americans

18. We hear a lot these days about “structural racism” or “structural racist policies”. Essentially, structural violence is a term used to describe the harm or disadvantage inflicted on individuals or social groups at an institutional, as opposed to inter-personal, level. a. True b. False 19. Historians remind us that race relations in the United States came to a climax in the latter part of the 19 th Century. The Union Army defeated the Confederate Army to bring the bloody four-year Civil War to an end in 1865 (nearly 600,000 people died in battle). Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation freeing African slaves. Constitutional amendments emerged guaranteeing citizenship for all African Americans and voting rights for men. (Note: it wasn’t until 1920 until women could vote). The “Era of Hope” (your professor’s term) and the beginning of civil rights (Civil Rights Act of 1866) and racial and social justice had begun! In fact, the exciting and promising 12 years of hope between 1865 and 1877 are commonly known as the: a. Reconstruction Era b. Anti-Bellum Era c. Jim Crow Era d. March for Justice Era 20. During this exciting and promising 12-year “Era of Hope” (your professor’s term) Black people ran for and held important political offices - even in Southern states. a. True b. False 21. Remember the earlier comment about humanity always finding a way of taking steps backward before it advances forward? Well, it certainly happened again, when in 1877, an important singular decision was made by incoming President Rutherford B. Hayes. Historians look back at this singular decision (also known as the Compromise of 1877 – look it up!) as the turning point that opened the door for hate to enter, segregation laws, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and other terrorist/hate groups. What was the decision made by President Hayes? a. He stopped the Underground Railroad b. He required transport passports for Black Citizens wanting to leave the South c. He pulled Federal troops out of Southern states, troops that had been placed there to protect Blacks during the “Era of Hope” (your professor’s term) d. Forced Black citizens to join Native Americans on Indian reservations

In these powerful roles, he put forth a “scientific” report/chart in 1922 (displayed in the video at 3:25min) ranking 32 ethnic groups from socially desirable to socially inadequate. Eugenicists and their political allies argued that inferior immigrants, because of their bad genes, would weaken the nation as a whole. Look closely at this chart called “All Types of Social Inadequacy” (you can also search this document on the internet). From this chart, we see that people from ________ were viewed as the most socially desirable, whereas _________ was the most socially inadequate. a. Switzerland / Serbia b. Germany / Africa c. United States / Ireland d. England / Turkey 27. Two years after this 1922 eugenics report President Calvin Coolidge signed an immigration bill known as the _________ Bill/Act that established a national origin quota system. a. Ebony-Ivory b. Johnson-Reed c. Strength in Diversity d. Feeblemindedness Bill The following questions come from the brief video clip “La Operacion” a brief history of population control on the island of Puerto Rico. 28. The United States “liberated” the people from Spanish Colonial in 1898 and since then this beautiful Caribbean Island has been a US Territory and follow American Federal laws and policies. In La Operacion we are reminded of some of the earlier coordinated plans to manage and control the “excess” population. What “operation” discussed in the video became widely used by the 1940s as a way to reduce the excess poor population? a. Lobotomy b. Genital mutilation c. Sterilization d. None of the above