9. CGW4C-4U Unit 4 Test (1) (1)
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CGW4U – World Issues
Unit 4 Test Environmental Issues
Teacher: Ms. Keane
Total Marks: /62
Pages:
5
Student Name: Harjashan Dhaliwal
PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (MARKS: /20 APPLICATION)
1. What percentage of habitable land is used for agriculture?
a. 50% b. 77 % c. 25% d. 60%
2. What percentage of agricultural land is used for livestock grazing?
a. 50% b. 77% c. 25% d. 60%
3. Which of the follow forms of degradation is not a human cause?
a. deforestation b. erosion c. agricultural over grazing d. industrializaton
4. How many households in Canada experience food insecurity?
a. ¼
b. 1/10 c. 1/8
d. 16
5. The Three countries with the highest losses in tropical forests are
:
a.
Brazil, Thailand, Japan
b.
Brazil, Indonesia, Democratic Republic of Congo
c.
Brazil, China, Russa
d.
Canada, USA, India
6. The average Canadian generates how much waste per year:
a.
100kg
b.
720kg
c.
730kg
d.
1000kg
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Protected Area?
e.
A clearly defined geographical space
f.
Dedicated to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystems and cultural values
g.
Managed through legal means
h.
All of the above
8. What percentage of infectious diseases in LEDCs result from impure water?
a. 90%
b. 85%
c. 80%
d. 15%
9. The United Nations Sustainable Development goal # 7 is:
a.
Eliminate World Poverty by 2030
b.
universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services c.
Eliminate world hunger by 2030
d.
Create a free trade market worldwide by 2030
10. This layer of the Atmosphere has scientist most concerned with human quality of life
a. Thermosphere b. Mesosphere c. Stratosphere d. Troposphere
11. Which of the following is the most harmful pollutant?
a. Persistent Organic Pollutants b. Carbon Dioxide c. Methane d. Sulphur Dioxide
12. What country beside Canada, there is a connection between energy issues and Indigenous rights
a. Thailand b. Brazil c. Portugual d. Mongolia
13. What is not an example of a fresh water source?
a. Detroit River B. Lake Erie C. Hudson Bay d. Niagara Falls
14. What percentage is the surface of the Earth is covered in water?
a. 50% b. 65% c. 75% d. 85%
15. The Earth’s water in a frozen state is known as:
a. Lithosphere b. Hydrosphere c. Nitrosphere d. Cryosphere
16. What River is the most polluted river in the world because of pollution from textile and chemical industries?
a. Citarum River
b. Brahmaptra River
c. Nile River
d. Detroit River
17. What percentage of the world’s population does not have access to clean drinking water?
a. 10%
b. 11%
c. 18%
d. 4%
18. Which of the following is not
a type of land degradation?
a. environmental
b. wind erosion
c. chemical d. physical
19. Which type of farming takes place on a large amount of land, with less labour, less fertilizers, less pesticides. The yields are lower.
a. cash-crop farming
b. intensive farming
c. extensive farming
d. none of the above
20. What two pollution gases contribute to acid rain?
a.
Sulphur dioxide and methane
b.
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
c.
Methane and nitrogen oxide
d.
Sulphur dioxide and iron oxide
Part B: Matching (15 marks)
For each set of match-up questions, use the appropriate blank to identify the correct answer. (Example: if the answer to 1 is B, Put B in the blank space)
1.
the reduction or loss of the biological or economical productivity of land
and complexity of rain (land used for flood plain, water shed or irrigation) C
2.
the ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. To meet our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
I
3.
the variety of life that you will in a particular habitat or ecosystem A
4.
severe shortage of food caused by a temporary failure of food product. May result from natural causes (ie. drought) or human causes (ie, civil war)
F
5.
Medical condition of poor health that is caused by a diet that includes too little or too much of one or more essential nutrients. M
6
.
Field of study that manipulates biological processes for agricultural and industrial purposes. An example is genetic engineering. B
7
. Water that exists in rock layers and loose materials below Earth’s surface G
8.
B
urning a fuel that releases particles and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere. Is a mix of rain, smoke and fog. E
9.
making no net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, especially through offsetting emissions by planting trees D
10
. degree of ambient air is pollution free, assessed by measuring the number of indicators of pollution O
11.
terminology used to describe how POPs are transported from warmer to colder regions of the earth
J
12
. the responsible use and protection of the natural environment through
active participation in conserving efforts and sustainable practices K
13
. process which heat from the Earth’s surface is absorbed by the gases in the atmosphere and re-radiate back to Earth L
14.
Earth’s natural resources, such as the oceans or the atmosphere, that have no political boundary
N
15
. atmospheric air in its natural state, no contamination from pollutants
H
A. Biodiversity
B. Biotechnology
C. Land Degradation
D. Carbon Neutral
E. London Type smog
F. famine
G. Groundwater
H. Ambient Air
I. Sustainability
J. Grasshopper effect
K. Environmental Stewardship
L. Greenhouse effect
M. Malnutrition
N. Global Commons
O. Air Quality
PART C: TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS (MARKS /15 THINKING)
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1.
T
F Livestock agriculture contributes to 1/3 of the worlds Greenhouse Gases (GHG) 2.
T
F Land degradation is closely linked to poverty: a degradation increases, crop and animal yields decline 3.
T
F 34% of land degradation is from water and wind erosion 4.
T
F Monoculture is a single crop planted over a large area, that Is an efficient way to plant, maintain and harvest crop. 5.
T
F 1/6 households in Canada face food insecurity 6.
T
F It is difficult to compare waste management in LEDCs to MEDCs because people with less income typically consume less than people with more money.
7.
T
F Warm air is trapped beneath cold air, creating a of pocket of stagnated air close to earth’s surface is an example of temperature inversion 8.
T
F In Canada, 14,600 deaths per year can be linked to air pollution from fine particulates (dust and pollen) 9.
T
F Bhiwadi India is the most polluted city on earth 10. T
F The two types of smog that is created by human activity are London-type smog and New York-type smog 11. T
F Canada ranks 10
th
in supply global energy 12.
T
F Canada had the highest per capita energy consumption of the 36 member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 13. T
F Canada contributes 3.6% of the world’s total global greenhouse gas emission 14.
T
F Predictions: by 2100 global temperature could rise an additional 1*C to 6*C 15.
T
F Last 60 years Canada has warmed by 2*C PART D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (MARKS /12 COMMUNCATION)
Below are 5 short answer questions. Select only 2 questions and answer them. Each question is worth 6 marks.
1. List 3 ways human activities affect climate change, and provide a specific example. (6)
1. Fossil fuel combustion as a human activity affect climate change in two ways. The atmosphere absorbs and retains the sun's heat, warming the planet. The buildup of greenhouse gases reduces the amount of heat energy that escapes back into space, trapping it. This process is called the greenhouse effect and is part of what distinguishes Earth from other planets in space. Fossil fuels consist primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. When this fuel is burned, it undergoes a series of chemical reactions that produce additional heat and water vapor, which contribute to climate change. It has been known that
this process causes global warming since the latter half of the 20th century, and more recently scientists have predicted that if fossil fuel combustion continues at its current rate, it
will cause further warming in the following decades, increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, hurricanes, and flooding. Through this evidence we can conclude that climate change is caused by human activity. Furthermore in 2008 a cyclone hit Myanmar leading to over 100 fatalities after causing extensive damage across whole villages. It was reported shortly after that this cycle was linked with rising sea surface temperatures caused by global warming resulting from greenhouse gas emissions.
Deforestation as a human activity affects climate change because deforestation means less
trees, resulting in fewer carbon dioxide absorption of the earth. This can cause global warming, which leads to more extreme weather conditions like droughts, floods and wildfires. An example of this is the Amazon Rainforest, where large scale deforestation has affected the climate causing more extreme droughts. Deforestation also contributes to soil erosion and can cause flooding. Deforestation has a strong impact on climate change because trees absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere during photosynthesis when they grow leaves. They then store the carbon in their trunks and branches. When a tree is cut down or burned, all that stored carbon dioxide gets released into the atmosphere.
Agriculture is a very important human activity, and it affects the climate change by several means. For example, Agriculture can decrease energy flows and stability by cutting down forests and vegetation, negatively impacting ecosystems, and wildlife. Agriculture produces large amounts of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide by burning fossil fuels and cutting down forests to make room for farmlands. These gases are released into the atmosphere where they linger for thousands of years and then trap heat in our atmosphere causing global warming.
2.
Identify 3 ways that land degradation could affect humans and other living species in a negative way. Provide an explanation for each of your answers. (6)
Land degradation is an important issue as a loss of habitat for plants and animals. Land degradation can lead to a loss of vegetation, wildlife habitat, decreased wildlife diversity and changes in species composition. Land degradation is a long-term process that
usually occurs over years. This is due to certain factors such as deforestation, agriculture expansion and urbanization. When the ecosystem is degraded by these activities; natural resources such as soil quality, water quality and the availability of nutrients are disturbed causing changes in the environment.
Land degradation can lead to a loss of habitat for plants and animals, which is an environmental problem that impacts the quality of life. The harm caused by land degradation is especially critical in areas where there are few large natural spaces left over for animals as well as plant growth. Degradation of land can lead to a loss of habitat for plants and animals, including disease vectors such as mosquitoes. Climate change can cause deserts to expand and shift, which displaces populations that rely on agriculture or livestock.
One of the main reasons that land degradation can lead to a loss of habitat for plants and animals is that when land is degraded it cannot provide safe habitat. The environment is difficult for plants to grow in since they need water and nutrients to thrive.
In addition, the soil may be unable to support water or fertilizer upon which healthy plants are dependent. This lack of resources makes it difficult for the plant to thrive and reproduce its species.
Loss of food and water resources is caused by land degradation. Land degradation is the process of a sustained reduction in the land's potential to support ecosystem services, livelihoods, and human well-being. Land conversion is a key factor leading to land degradation. For example, loss of forests results in reduced rainfall due to changes in local climate patterns. This leads to loss of water resources on agricultural lands resulting in food shortage and hunger.
Land degradation, a loss in the quality of land, can lead to a loss of food and water resources. When land is degraded, it reduces the ability for plants to grow which is essential for food production. This leads to poverty and malnutrition as those who rely on land for their sustenance do not have enough food. If this continues over time the population will decrease leading to less people working in agriculture which could result in a food shortage due to lack of labor.
Land degradation results in increased exposure to pollutants and toxins. Polluted land can put humans and wildlife at risk by causing the loss of soil productivity. Farmers who migrate to areas with degraded soil end up growing crops on more polluted soils, because this is all they can afford. This leads to an increase in the amount of pollution that people are exposed to and increases their risk of developing chronic diseases like cancer. Land degradation is caused by such processes as soil erosion, compaction, chemical pollution, and salinization. These processes increase the risk of exposure to pollutants and toxins in several ways. Firstly, they reduce the amount of land available to
agriculture. This leads to a reduction in production of food crops which increases food prices and leads to malnutrition, especially among children. Secondly, when food production declines we see an increase in poverty levels; this poverty results in reduced access to healthcare services as people cannot afford them and means that people must travel further from home for work which increases their exposure to pollutants and toxins from transport etc.
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3. Define what desalinization is, explain two challenges associated with it. Where is it most commonly practiced? (6)
4. Thoroughly explain three negative impacts (concerns) that were a result of the green revolution. (6)
5. Explain what organic farming and the concept of “food miles” are. How are organic farming, and reducing “food miles” solutions to agriculture issues discussed in class? (6)