NR 228 Final Exam Questions with 100
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Moi University *
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Health Science
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Nov 24, 2024
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docx
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6
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NR 228 Final Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers Simple refined sugars Correct Answer honey, pear, milk
Complex sugars Correct Answer wheat rice, sweet potatoes, oatmeal, alfalfa
Exchange Lists for Meal Planning Correct Answer Lists: carbohydrates (CHO), meat and meat substitutes, and fats
CHO list subdivided into starch, fruit, milk, other CHO, and vegetables
Encourages variety and helps control kilocalories and grams of CHO, protein, and fats
Adjust to individual metabolic nutrition and lifestyle requirements
Who created MyPlate Correct Answer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Advantages of my plate Correct Answer Portion control, wide range of foods, Promotes adequacy, balance, calorie control, moderation, and variety.
As we age changes that affects the digestive system Correct Answer diverticulitis and constipation
Importance in infant (baby) GI track Correct Answer immature GI track
Importance Middle age GI Correct Answer gallbladder disease and peptic ulcer (lactose intolerance)
Importance of Allergies Correct Answer can develop at any stage in life
Water and fat soluble (vitamins) Correct Answer A, D, E, K
What influences people desire for salt and sugar Correct Answer Genetics
Importance to know how many calories in product? Correct Answer Serving size
Nutrition Facts panel must list per serving Correct Answer -Energy (kcal)
-Fat
-Total food energy
-Food energy from fat -Total fat -Saturated fat, including trans fat
-Sodium -Total carbohydrates -Dietary fiber
-Sugars
-Protein -Vitamins A and C -Calcium -Iron
calories to lose a pound Correct Answer 3500
Time Bolus of food move through the stomach? Correct Answer 2-6 hours
Person goes to fridge and chooses fruit over turkey or the other way around. Correct Answer Food preference
Fat, Protein and Carbs Correct Answer will be absorbed no matter what, it happens in large intestine
Where Water is absorbed Correct Answer In small intestine
Expect changes as we age Correct Answer Nutrient need remains Constance
Metabolism across the life span Correct Answer -Lowered metabolic rates
-Nutrient needs remain constant
-Lifestyle behaviors affect functioning and health of GI tract
When BMR increases? Correct Answer lactation, prolong stress, puberty, changes in temperature. (not malnutrition)
% required water that the body can obtain from Food? Correct Answer 20 %
Person is vegetarian, drinks milk and but no beans(lacks Proteins) Correct Answer Best
source, peanut butter (high in protein)
Vitamin c increases absorption of what mineral? Correct Answer Iron
Mineral associated with cardiac arrhythmia Correct Answer Magnesium (MG)
Vitamines and minerals (all of them) Correct Answer Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) Correct Answer Absorbs in the small intestine, passing into the blood without the need of energy. This process is called passive diffusion.
Best source of protein Correct Answer Chicken
Food that enhance the absorption of Non-heme iron? Correct Answer Tomato Juice
Food source with more Thiamine (B1) Correct Answer whole grain, wheat and fiber
Food with more Calcium Correct Answer Milk
Trigger for formation vitamin D Correct Answer Sunlight exposure
Example of NPO diet Correct Answer Nothing by mouth is a medical instruction meaning to withhold food and fluids.
Clear liquid diet Correct Answer ● Consists of foods or fluids that have no residue and are
liquid at room temperature.
● Primarily to prevent dehydration and relieve thirst,
the diet consists of water and carbohydrates. This diet
requires minimal digestion, leaves minimal residue, and
is non-gas-forming. It is nutritionally inadequate and
should not be used long-term.
● Indications include acute illness, reduction of colon
fecal material prior to certain diagnostic tests and
procedures, acute gastrointestinal disorders, and some
postoperative recovery.
● Acceptable foods are water, tea, coffee, fat
-
free
broth, carbonated beverages, clear juices, ginger ale,
and gelatin.
● Limit caffeine consumption, which can lead to increased
hydrochloric acid and upset stomach
Example of Full liquid diet Correct Answer ● Consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature.
● Offers more variety and nutritional support than a clear
liquid diet and can supply adequate amounts of energy
and nutrients.
● Acceptable foods include all liquids on a clear liquid
diet, all forms of milk, soups, vegetable and fruit juices,
eggnog, plain ice cream and sherbet, refined or strained
cereals, and puddings.
● Evaluate the need for high-protein and high-calorie
supplements if this diet is used more than 2 to 3 days.
● Indications include a transition from liquid to soft
diets, postoperative recovery, acute gastritis, febrile
conditions, and intolerance of solid foods.
● Provides oral nourishment for clients having difficulty
chewing or swallowing solid foods. Use cautiously with
clients who have dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
unless liquids are thickened appropriately.
● Contraindicated for clients who have lactose intolerance
or hypercholesterolemia. Use lactose-reduced milk and
dairy products when possible
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Example of Blenderized liquid (pureed) diet Correct Answer ● Consists of liquids and foods that are pureed to
liquid form.
● The composition and consistency of a pureed diet varies,
depending on the client's needs.
● Modify with regard to calories, protein, fat, or other
nutrients based on the dietary needs of the client.
● Adding broth, milk, gravy, cream, soup, tomato sauce, or
fruit juice to foods in place of water provides additional
calories and nutritional value.
● Each food is pureed separately to preserve
individual flavor.
● Indications include clients who have chewing or
swallowing difficulties, oral or facial surgery, and
wired jaws.
Soft (bland, low
-
fiber) diet Correct Answer ● Contains whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly
seasoned, and easily digested.
● Food supplements or snacks in between meals
add calories.
● Food selections vary and can include smooth, creamy, or
crisp textures. Raw fruits and vegetables, coarse breads
and cereals, beans, and other potentially gas-forming
foods are excluded.
● Indications include clients transitioning between
full liquid and regular diets, and those who
have acute infections, chewing difficulties, or
gastrointestinal disorders.
● Predisposes clients to constipation
Mechanical soft diet Correct Answer ● A regular diet that is modified in texture. The diet
composition is altered for specific nutrient needs.
● Includes foods that require minimal chewing before
swallowing (ground meats, canned fruits, softly
cooked vegetables).
● Butter, gravies, sugar, or honey may be added to
increase calorie intake.
● Excludes harder foods (dried fruits, most raw fruits and
vegetables, foods containing seeds and nuts).
● Indications include limited chewing ability; dysphagia,
poorly fitting dentures, and clients who are edentulous
(without teeth); surgery to the head, neck, or mouth;
and strictures of the intestinal tract.
Regular diet (normal or house diet) Correct Answer ● Indicated for clients who do not need dietary
restrictions. The diet is adjusted to meet age specific
needs throughout the life cycle.
● Many health care facilities offer self
-
select menus for
regular diets.
● Modify the regular diet to accommodate individual
preferences, food habits, and ethnic values
Dysphagia diet Correct Answer ● Prescribed when swallowing is impaired, such as
following a stroke.
● Signs of dysphagia are drooling, pocketing food,
choking, or gagging
LEVELS OF LIQUID CONSISTENCIES Correct Answer ● Thin: Non-restrictive. Consists of all unthickened
beverages and supplements (clear juices, frozen yogurt,
ice cream, milk, soda and broth).
● Nectar-like: Consists of liquids that are thin enough to
sip through a straw but thicker than water. Consistency
of a heavy syrup (nectars, cream soups, buttermilk and
thin milkshakes).
● Honey-like: Liquids are pourable but thickened. They
can be eaten with a spoon but cannot be sipped through
a straw (honey, tomato sauce and yogurt).
● Spoon-thick: Consists of liquids thickened to maintain
their shape and need to be eaten with a spoon (pudding,
custard, hot cereals).
Parenteral Nutrition Correct Answer Parenteral nutrition is one of the ways people receive nutrition when they cannot eat or use their gut via tube feeding. It is a special liquid mixture given into the blood through an intravenous tube into a vein.
Enteral Nutrition Correct Answer Enteral nutrition is another way people can receive the nutrition they need. Also called "tube feeding.
total parenteral nutrition (TPN) Correct Answer TPN provides a nutritionally complete solution.
It can be used when caloric needs are very high,
when the anticipated duration of therapy is
greater than 7 days, or when the solution to be
administered is hypertonic (composed of greater
than 10% dextrose). It can only be administered
in a central vein
peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN). Correct Answer PPN can provide a nutritionally complete
solution. However, it is administered into a
peripheral vein, resulting in a limited nutritional
value. It is indicated for clients who require
short
-
term nutritional support with fewer
calories per day. The solution must be isotonic
and contain no more than 10% dextrose and
5% amino acids.
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