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South Texas College *
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Course
1403
Subject
Geology
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
5
Uploaded by GeneralArmadillo929
Geology Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dvu5gm
Arkose is a sedimentary rock derived
from the physical weathering of:
granite
_____ deposits are those deposits laid
down by rivers:
fluvial
The most common type of cement found
lithifying sedimentary rock is:
quartz and calcite
Bedding that varies from coarse at the
bottom and fine at the top is called
graded
the most likely place to find a deposit of
well-sorted rounded quartz sand would
be:
the beach
You are climbing the Himalayan Moun-
tains and find a coquina limestone (con-
taining clam fossils). Therefore you know
the sedimentary environment for this
area was once:
marine
After deposition, sediment undergoes
a complex variety of alterations that
change the unconsolidated material to
solid rock. What term do we use for this
combination of alterations?
lithification
Currents caused by muddy waters which
due to their weight flow rapidly downs-
lope are called
Turbidity currents
What is the distinction between a con-
glomerate and a breccia.
Particle shape
As sediments are buried under succes-
sive layers of younger sediments the
grains will press together in ever tighter
arrangements until, finally, most original
cold space is lost. What is this process
called?
Compaction
Which of the following is a fine-grained
clastic sedimentary rock?
Shale
1 / 5
Geology Exam
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Which of the following rocks is most likely
to contain fossils?
limestone
What is the origin of coal?
alteration of plant material
___________ is a byproduct of rock
weathering.
Soil
The ____ describes the process in which
this dominant greenhouse gas circulates
among Earth systems.
carbon cycle
As soils mature, distinct layers appear.
What are these layers called?
horizons
The soils of warm humid climates are
commonly red-colored. What is the col-
oring agent for these soils?
hematite
When feldspar is attacked by carbonic
acid it forms _____.
a clay mineral
Which of the following minerals is most
rapidly dissolved by carbonic acid (rain-
water)?
calcite
Plants and burrowing organisms con-
tribute to soil development by __.
All of the answers are correct.
Water that has trickled down into a joint
in a rock can freeze, expand, and _____.
widen the crack and hastening the rock's
disintegration
Physical/Mechanical weathering is
caused by all of the following except:
weak acid
A _________ is a volcanic depression
much larger than the original crater,
formed when the volcano collapses into
a vacated magma chamber.
caldera
What are the three factors that influence
viscosity of a lava?
silica content, temperature, dissolved
gases
What is one factor that determines how
explosive a volcanic eruption will be:
viscosity
The most abundant silicic volcanic rock
is __.
rhyolite
2 / 5
Geology Exam
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The islands of the Hawaiian chain are an
excellent example of a series of __.
shield volcanoes
Individual layers of basalt lava may
be divided into vertical columns called
______.
columnar basalt
What is the term for volcanic mountains
made up of alternating layers of pyro-
clastic and lava flows?
composite volcanoes
________ is a frothy volcanic glass with
so much void space that it can actually
float.
Pumice
The term ___ is used for molten rock on
the Earth's surface.
lava
A(n) _______ is a mix of gas and dust
emitted by a volcano that is so dense that
it hugs the ground.
pyroclastic flow
What is the term used for an intrusive
igneous rock body that is planar (flat like
a sheet of paper) but discordant (cuts
across the grain of the host rocks like a
knife blade cutting across the pages of a
book)?
dike
Bowen's Reaction Series describes the
sequence of minerals crystallizing from a
cooling magma. Which is the first mineral
to crystallize?
olivine
When molten material is erupted onto
the earth's surface and flows, it is called:
lava
______ are fragments of country rock
that are distinct from the body of igneous
rocks in which they are enclosed.
xenoliths
When igneous rock is extruded into a
cold environment (say the sea floor), it
cools so fast that no crystals form; in-
obsidian
3 / 5
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Geology Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dvu5gm
stead, a natural glass forms. What is the
natural glass called?
What is the relationship between a gran-
ite and a gabbro?
they both are coarse-grained intrusive
The geothermal gradient, on average, is
about _____.
30°C/km
Which mineral would you not expect to
find in a granite:
olivine
The most abundant intrusive igneous
rock found at the earth's surface is:
granite
The lava of submarine volcanic eruptions
has a characteristic appearance. What
feature marks them?
they form pillow basalts
Which of the following affect the rate of
weathering?
all of these affects weathering rates
The most common type of sedimentary
rocks are ____.
detritial
A _________, a mixture of gas and vol-
canic debris, may blast out laterally un-
der a viscous plug capping a volcano.
Phryoclaistic flow
In which of the following climates will
chemical weathering be most rapid?
hot and humid
Which of the following statements about
weathering is false?
the presence of soil slows down the
weathering of the underlying bedrock
______ forms from limestone when the
calcium in calcite is partially replaced by
magnesium.
Dolomite
_____ form(s) only in fine-grained sedi-
ments that are exposed to air.
Mudcracks
Silicic lavas, which are relatively high in
silica, tend to be more fluid than mafic
magmas
False
Ferromagnesian minerals such as py-
roxene, amphibole, biotite, and olivine
4 / 5
Geology Exam
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are chemically altered in the presence of
_____.
oxygen
_____ are massive deposits of lime-
stone.
Reefs
5 / 5