Exam 1 - take home(1)

Name: ____________________ Geological Oceanography – Spring 2023 Take home exam #1 Bethany Scott Instructions : This exam consists of two portions. The first portion is a short-answer section. You should be able to answer these questions in 2-3 sentences. The second portion is an essay section. It should take ½ of a page to answer these questions. Feel free to use your notes, web resources, and library resources to answer the questions. However, it should reflect YOUR work. Submit your work online in Canvas by midnight on Tuesday, February 7 th . Short-answer section (Worth 2 points each): 1. You read an article about the coastal zone in Louisiana sinking. What process is occurring and why might it be happening? a. The coastal zone in Louisiana may be sinking because of the increase in the amount of sediments. Also, the increasing weight is helping it sink and is affecting the lithosphere. 2. You need to do some research in the deep sea. The project requires that you work for 12 hours straight on the seafloor, and the work is very detailed so you need equipment that has fine motor skills. Would you use a submersible or a remotely operated vehicle? Why? a. I would use a Remotely Operated Vehicle to research the deep sea. ROV are equipped with cameras, lights, and robotic arms to help collect samples at certain depths. compared to submersible, ROV can stay underwater at great depths longer than humans can. Submersible do not have enough air supple or power to stay on the seafloor for long. 3. You need to take a series of sediment cores in close proximity to each other, and the water is relatively deep. You have a boat, and you suspect that the seafloor is muddy. The water is 1,000 meters, and you do not have a submersible or ROV. What type of coring device would you use and why? a. In muddy sediment, I would use a Multi-Corer device. This device can take multiple undisturbed samples from the seafloor. The cores would be close together and the boat would be able to lower it. 4. List all of the plate boundaries where you might find volcanic activity. For convergent plate boundaries, list the specific type. a. All the plate boundaries where you might find volcanic activity are Oceanic-continental convergent boundaries, oceanic-oceanic convergent boundaries, and Divergent ocean ridge boundaries. 5. List three volcanic island arcs and their associated trenches. a. The Kuril Islands is volcanic arc associated with The Kuril–Kamchatka Trench. Philippine Islands Island arc is associated with the Philippine Trench. The Sunda Arc is associated to the Java Trench.

Name: ____________________ Geological Oceanography – Spring 2023 Essay section (Worth 10 points each): 1. Discuss the importance of the H.M.S. Challenger expedition. Include the length of the expedition, what they did, and at least 4 major findings. Provide references for your material. (Wikipedia and class notes are not appropriate reference materials.) Please note that what they did (e.g., took soundings) is not a finding. You need to think about what it means or what extraordinary thing they found (e.g., found the deepest point on Earth, Challenger Deep). a. The H.M.S. Challenger Expedition covered over 68,000 nautical miles in 1,000 days. The scientists visited 362 locations, collecting water samples, bottle sediments, and discovering new species. They were looking to see if life existed on the deep-sea floor. Another important achievement of this voyage was the creation of the first map of the ocean floor. The discoveries ranged from new seashells to climate change. The challenger made one of the largest discoveries in the spring of 1875: the Marina Trench. The deepest areas of the ocean are more than 4 miles deep, with a bottom depth of 26,850 feet. The HMS Challenger brought numerous new species to light, but it also highlighted how little we know about the seas. "The voyage was said to have been "the greatest advance in the knowledge of our planet since the celebrated discoveries of the 15th and 16th centuries."" (“Deep-Sea Exploration: The HMS Challenger Expedition”) https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/challenger/challe nger.html https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and- maps/deep-sea-exploration-hms-challenger-expedition 2. Discuss the goals of the Ocean Drilling Program and International Ocean Discovery Program. Include the name of the research vessels used for each and three major findings by each of these programs. Provide references for your material. (Wikipedia and class notes are not appropriate reference materials.) a. “The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and 22 international partners (JOIDES) to conduct basic research into the history of the ocean basins and the overall nature of the crust beneath the ocean floor using the scientific drill ship JOIDES Resolution ( Glomar Challenger ) ” ( http://www- odp.tamu.edu/ ) Over 2,000 deep sea cores were collected from different ocean basins as well as the crust beneath the sea floor and subseafloor. Many notable accomplishments have been made by the Programs, such as the history of the Earth's climate and solid earth cycles (fluids, flow, and life of the seafloor). The drilling also contributed to the understanding of plate tectonics (paleo/geomagnetism). https://www.iodp.org/about-iodp/history b. The International Ocean Discovery Program goal “is an international marine research collaboration that explores Earth's history and dynamics using ocean-going research platforms to recover data recorded in seafloor sediments and rocks and to monitor