EE105 Exam Prep
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School
Boston University *
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Course
105
Subject
Geology
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
9
Uploaded by JudgeDinosaur3892
1.
Heating of the inner portions of Earth result from fusion of hydrogen atoms.
FALSE
-
Uranium thornium and potassium, it results from the FISSION of those
elements
2.
Other than trace amounts of He, early planet Earth had no atmosphere at the time of
its formation.
TRUE
3.
H in every drop of water, including that in you, formed only in the Big Bang. Most
other elements formed from fusion in stars or fusion in supernovae (dying exploding
stars).
TRUE
4.
The terrestrial planets, including Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are enriched in
iron, magnesium, silicon, and oxygen relative to the larger more distant planets.
TRUE
5.
A rock sample from Saturn, if brought back to Earth, would be much heavier than
any common Earth rock.
FALSE
(saturn is not rocky lol)
6.
The age of light coming to earth from the most distant regions of the universe dates
back to about 13 to 14 b.y. ago, the estimated age of the "Big Bang".
TRUE
7.
The universe is expanding today.
TRUE
8.
The
Solar System
is expanding today.
FALSE
9.
Water on planet Earth initially arrived from comets.
TRUE
10. Without radioactivity, the Earth would be a dead planet.
TRUE
11.
The radioactive fuel of Earth is
U, Th, K
12.
Once 12, then 39, our universe is now known comprised of at least how many
galaxies
125 Billion
13.
Stars, some with planets, originate
All of the Above
14.The inner four planets of our solar system are primarily composed of
Rocks
15. Edwin Hubble
confirmed the theory of an expanding universe
16.
The early Earth's atmosphere was mostly made of
carbon dioxide, water and
hydrogen sulfide
17.
Our Earth is a unique planet in the Solar System due to:
All of the Above
1.
Earth’s early atmosphere was derived from volcanism.
True
2.
The oldest rocks within the continents date back to 4.0 billion years.
True
3.
The oldest life forms on planet Earth include trilobites
False
4.
Early life on Earth.
All the Above
5.
At 570 million years ago, the Precambrian – Cambrian boundary, the abundance of
life on Earth exploded and included.
Trilobites
6.
The greatest extinction occurred at…
-The Permian- Triassic boundary
7.
The Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction
-All the Above
8.
Humans on planet Earth
-All the Above
9.
The current human population on our planet is
-over 7 billion
10. Relative to the age of the Earth, the fraction of time that humans have existed is
-0.04%
11. The fuel of planets and their moons is radioactive energy.
-True
12. Meteorites are made of iron, rock, and carbon and comets are made of ice.-
True
13. Earth's breathed in its early atmosphere through its oceans and turned it into stone.
-
True
14. Island arcs result from convergence of two ocean plates.
TRUE
15. Ocean crust is oldest at the ocean ridges and becomes progressively younger with
distance from the ridge.-
False
16. Subduction zone earthquakes range in depth from shallow at the trench to several
hundred kilometers beneath the overriding plate.-
TRUE
17. The longest mountain range of the Earth is mostly underwater.-
TRUE
18. Primary waves cause the first shaking in an earthquake.-
TRUE
19. The greater the distance to an earthquake epicenter, the longer the time period
between arrival of primary and secondary waves.-
TRUE
20. Transform faults connect ends of offset ocean ridges-
TRUE
21. Pangea formed from a number of continental collisions leading to the formation of
the Appalachian and Ural Mountains.-
TRUE
22. The Wilson Cycle includes-
RIFTING-SUBDUCTION-COLLISION
23. The asthenosphere
is the principle cause of plate tectonics
24. The Appalachian Mountains
ALL THE ABOVE
25. Rifting of Gondwanaland resulted in the formation of Laurasia and Pangea.
FALSE
26. The present site of the Ural Mountains represents the demise of a long-lost ocean
basin.
TRUE
27. The San Andreas fault is a boundary between the North American and Pacific plates,
the latter presently moving northward toward the Aleutian trench.
TRUE
28. As a graduate student, Tanya Atwater was the first to explain the accepted origin of
the San Andreas fault.
TRUE
29. Intraplate earthquakes do not travel far.
FALSE
30. Most of the world’s earthquakes occur at transform faults, such as the San Andreas.
FALSE
31. The fluid motion of the outer core is the cause of the Earth's magnetic field.
32. Convergence of two ocean plates leads to the construction of island arcs such as the
Aleutians, the Tonga Islands, and Japan.
TRUE
33. Most of the Earth's seafloor has been recycled back into the mantle.
True
34. Rifting of Pangea resulted in the formation of Gondwanaland and Laurasia
supercontinents. The Mediterranean is a remnant of the Tethys Sea.
true
35. The author of the theory of Continental Drift was also shot twice in WWI, set an air
balloon record in 1906, wrote the book “The Origin of the Continents and Oceans” in
1915, and later died in a 1930 expedition in Greenland where his remains continue
to be buried in ice.
He was
Alfred Wegener.
True
36. A subduction plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, compressional
deformation, and an inclined zone of earthquakes.
True
37. A transform plate boundary is one marked by volcanism, extension, and shallow
earthquakes.
False
38. Continents and island arcs grow in size at zones of subduction by the dual processes
of volcanism and accretion.
39. An orogeny is a process involving all aspects of subduction, including earthquakes,
faulting, folding, metamorphism, melting and volcanism, mountain building,
continental growth
true
40. Secondary waves travel the fastest and are the first to be felt during an earthquake.
false
41. The Wilson cycle involves rifting of continents, the making of an ocean, closing of an
ocean by subduction leading to continental collision.
True
42. Ocean crust is primarily comprised of basalt.
True
43. Pahoehoe is a Hawaiian term applied to blocky basalt flows.
False
44. The broad volcano made up solely of basalt lava flows is a shield volcano.
True
45. A ropey type of basalt lava is termed pahoehoe.
True
46. A blocky type of basalt lava is termed aa.
True
47. A cinder cone volcano is principally composed of air fall, pyroclastic basaltic material.
True
48. Basalts are the most fluid (less viscous) of lava flows because of their.
High T and
low silica concentration
49. Basalt forms from the melting of:
Mantle Peridotite
50. Magmas rise because they
have low density
51. Mauna Loa of Hawaii is an example of a
Shield Volcanoe
52. Ocean island "tracks" such as that of Hawaii and the Emperor Seamount Chain:
indicate plate motion opposite to the direction of younging of the volcanic
islands and seamounts
53. The port town of St. Pierre, on the Caribbean Island of Martinique, was destroyed by
a nuee ardente.
True
54. Ocean crust melts during subduction forming andesite magma, the dominant volcanic
rock of island arcs.
True
55. The Earth breathes in through its volcanoes and out through its oceans and plants.
False
56. Phaneritic rocks are volcanic in origin.
False
57. A glassy, highly vesicular volcanic rock formed form rhyolitic magma and that floats
on water is pumice.
True
58. Andesitic and rhyolitic eruptions tend to be explosive because of their gas content
and high viscosity.
True
59. Volcanic activity of the Cascade Mountain Range of the Pacific Northwest results from
continental collision.
False
60. A volcanic and hot mudflow is known as a lahar.
True
61. Andesite magma results from partial melting of the rock basalt.
True
62. Volcanic islands above subduction zones have arcuate trends because the earth is
flat.
False
63. Large igneous intrusions are known as batholiths.
True
64. A sill is a thin, cross-cutting intrusion.
False
65. Phaneritic texture results in visible crystals from slow cooling deep in the earth.
True
66. Vesicles are frozen bubbles in a volcanic rock.
True
67. Volcanic explosions yield pyroclastic texture.
True
68. In 1815, the eruption of the Indonesian volcano Tambora for three years caused the
lapse of summer across most of the planet.
True
69. Rhyolite is the least fluid (most viscous) form of lava because of its.
Low T and high
silica concentration
70. Glassy rocks are.
All of the above- obsidian, rich in silica, volcanic in origin
71. Hot spot volcanoes originate from.
The core-mantle boundary
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72. From high to low temperature the minerals in Bowens Reaction Series are.
Olivine,
pyroxnene, amphibole, biotitite
73. Igneous rocks richest in silica are.
Rhyolite and granite
74. Mount st. Helens is an example of a(an).
Composite (strato) volcano
75.
Nitorus oxide forms from
combustion
or burning of oxygen in a nitrogen rich
atmosphere.
76.
CO2 in the atmosphere today is approximately
415 ppm
77. Which of the following air pollutants is photochemical in origin
Ozone
78.
An inversion layer occurs
When cold air unederlies warm air
79.
The most powerful greenhouse gases are
CO2 and Methane
80.
The most significant early nationwide U.S. legislation to curb air pollution was in the:
1970s
81.
The financial cost of the Clean Air Act was expensive
True
82.
The largest source of sulfur in the atmosphere as SO2 is
Coal
83.
Natural rain water has a pH = 7.
False (5.6)
84.
Acid rain no longer occurs in the US.
False
85.
Ground-level ozone forms from sunlight UV interacting with nitrous oxide.
True
86.
Atmospheric CO2 increases during the Fall and Winter and decreases during the Spring
and Summer.
True
87.
The average annual level of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, CFC's, and NO2
have all dramatically increased during the past century.
True
88.
Greenhouse gases are compounds that trap heat in the atmosphere.
True
89.
The increase of CO2 is an example of global air pollution.
True
90.
The greenhouse gas that is not increasing today is.
H2O
91.
Combustion of methane forms
Co2 and H2O
92.
Greenhouse gases include
All the above
93.
If the front of a glacier is observed to be receding, it is most correct to infer that the
glacier
Move more slowly than it melts
94. Wind-deposited glacial flour from great dust storms at the edge of glaciers is termed
loess
95. A pyramidal-shaped mountain peak sculptured by glaciers is called
a horn
96. Landforms characteristic of valley glaciers include:
All of the above
97. Water-deposited glacial deposits occur in:
eskers, kettles, and outwash plains
98. The rise of the Alps and Himalaya Mountains at 40 to 60 million years ago contributed to
cooling of the planet.
True
99. Aretes are large U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers
False
100.
The only significant period of glaciation on the Earth
was during the Pleistocene
False
101.
Glacial erratic refers to the disrupted nature of landforms left from glacial retreat.
False
102.
The sharp ridges between valley glaciers are called aretes.
True
103.
Sinous ridges formed from deposition of sediment from streams running in tunnels
beneath a glacier are called eskers.
True
104.
The coastal Atacama Desert of Chile, one of the world’s driest, has its moisture
taken by the Andes.
TRUE
105.
A bajada is a dry lake bed in the desert.
False
106.
The flat erosion surface formed by running water at the edges of retreating desert
mountains is termed desert pavement.
False
107.
The steep side of a sand dune or ripple mark is on the upwind side.
False
108.
Tropical deserts occur along equatorial latitudes.
False
109.
Desert regions of Earth are increasing in size today.
True
110.
A rain shadow desert forms downwind from mountains
True
111.
Along the equator, air rises creating atmospheric low pressure and wet climate and
along the tropics (25-30 degrees N and S of the equator), falling air creates high
pressure and dry climate.
True
112.
Coastal deserts occur on the downwind side of mountain ranges.
True
113.
The growth of desert regions is known as desertification.
True
114.
The leaping (or dancing) of sand in a wind storm is known as saltation.
True
115.
A series of coalesced alluvial fans is termed a bajada.
True
116.
The lowering in elevation of a land surface by wind erosion is termed ablation or
deflation.
True
117.
Chlorofluorocarbons release dangerous levels of fluorine and chlorine forming acid
rain.
False
118.
Upper atmosphere or stratospheric ozone is created by lightning.
False
119.
Upper atmosphere or stratospheric ozone accumulates from smog that rises from
near the ground.
False
120.
Chlorofluorocarbons are:
All of the above
a.
include the compound known as "freon".
b.
are concentrated at high stratospheric levels above the polar regions.
c.
have been used as a refrigerant.
d.
have been used in the making of Nike shoes.
e.
All of the above
121.
Chlorofluorocarbons
Do not decompose or react with anything at surface level
a.
react with oxygen to form ozone.
b.
do not decompose or react with anything at surface level.
c.
form as part of photochemical smog.
d.
All of the above.
122.
The chemical compounds CFC’s and methyl bromine have diminished the level of
ozone at high atmospheric polar regions.
True
123.
Ozone depletion approximately began in the year 1975.
True
124.
The ozone hole over the south polar region was discovered in 1985.
True
125.
Ozone is measured in Dobson units.
True
126.
Upper atmosphere ozone depletion by CFC’s was first predicted in 1974 by Mario
Molina and Sherwood Rowland.
True
127.
The portion of the atmosphere closest to the earth where we live is the Troposphere
where air gets colder with elevation.
True
128.
The ozone layer occurs in the Stratosphere where it gets warmer with elevation.
True
129.
Chlorofluorocarbons and methyl bromide breakdown in the upper atmosphere or
stratosphere releasing Cl and Br, respectively, which in turn destroy ozone.
True
130.
The United States presently has sufficient oil reserves precluding the need for oil
importation.
False
131.
Coal is formed in which environment?
High latitude cold swamps
132.
To find a deposit of petroleum, one must
all of the above
133.
Over the past six years, the US has increased it’s domestic production of oil and gas.
True
134.
Hydrologic fracturing or “fracking” uses water, formaldehyde, and sand to break
rocks and to push gas and oil to areas where they become concentrated and extracted
to the surface.
True
135.
The Haynesvile (LA), Marcellus (PN) and Barnett (TX) shales offer new sources of
oil.
False
136.
The Bakken formation represents a new source of coal.
False
137.
Nonrenewable resources are not naturally replenished as fast as they are utilized
and once consumed are gone effectively forever on the human time scale.
True
138.
Common geologic traps for petroleum reserves include
all of the above
139.
The residue of plants that has been preserved and altered by heat and pressure
is carbon.
True
140.
Coal often contain large quantities of sulfur which contributes to pollution and
acid rain.
True
141.
The countries using coal for most of their energy are
India and China
142.
Dinosaur bones and petrified wood are examples of fossil fuels.
False
143.
Petroleum is derived from the remains of marine life.
True
144.
All fossil fuels are expected to be exhausted in the next 100 years.
False
145.
Gas or methane hydrates are being found worldwide in deep sea mud.
True
146.
Gas or methane hydrate
It is a mineral that burns
147.
Methane from sewage is a new fossil fuel.
False
148.
Under oxidizing conditions, uranium minerals are soluble in water.
True
149.
Uranium deposits
all the above
150.
Uranium deposits require which of the following geologic environments?
Low
oxygen sandstone
151.
The top country for renewable energy at
Iceland
152.
Gas hydrate is a new fossil fuel containing ice and methane.
True
153.
On deck, gas hydrates bubble and melt.
True
154.
Methane from sewage utilizes bacteria.
True
155.
Most of the US uranium reserves occur in the Four Corners region and left a legacy
of radioactive pollution.
True
156.
Nuclear power plants convert water to ice to make electricity.
False
157.
Japan lost most of its nuclear energy in 2011 due to a tsunami following a 8.9
earthquake.
True
158.
Uranium minerals are oxides and occur in ground water roll front deposits.
True
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159.
Wind mills and most other forms of electricity production use powerful magnets in
their generators.
True
160.
An issue with wind mills is their killing of birds
true
161.
Wind mills need water to work.
False
162.
Old wind mill blades cannot be recycled and must go to a landfill.
True
163.
Hydroelectric power is our least expensive source of energy
. true
164.
Concentrated solar energy converts water to hydrogen.
False
165.
Photovoltaic cells use semiconductors such as Si and Cd-Te to make electricity.
True
166.
BU has a building warmed and cooled with 55o F geothermal water.
True
167.
Massachusetts best tidal power potential for making electricity is on the Charles
River.
False
168.
Biomass forms of making electricity includes burning of waste and making fuel from
grain and algae.
True
169.
The fuel cell involves reacting hydrogen with methane.
False
170.
In terms of growth, the #1 renewable energy in the U.S. is
wind
171.
In terms of growth, the #1 renewable energy in Massachusetts is
solar
172.
Fusion of hydrogen with hydrogen offers the promise of 4x the power of nuclear
energy.
True
173.
The use of gravity and water to make electricity is hydroelectric power.
True
174.
Name the sources of electricity that use turbines or generators (Possible choices:
coal, natural gas, nuclear, wind, concentrated solar, photovoltaic solar, hydroelectric,
geothermal, tidal, biomass, fuel cells, hydrogen fusion).
Coal, Natural ga, nuclear,
wind, concentrated solar, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal, biomass, hydrogen
fusion
175.
The 3 R’s, ranked in order from best to
reduce reuse recycle
176.
The number of types of plastic are
7
177.
Tertiary treatment of liquid waste involves separation of solid material and
chlorination of the effluent.
False
178.
Sewage plants rely on bacteria to breakdown household liquid waste.
True
179.
Cows, manure, landfills, and sewage plants release the gas methane.
True
180.
Three products from sewage plants are a gas, a liquid, and a solid. What are they?
Methane, effluent, sludge All of the Above
181.
Boston’s garbage is incinerated and its sewage is treated at Deer Island.
True
182.
Plastic is the most the expensive product to be recycled because it must be hand
sorted according to the type of material.
True
183.
A sewer plant that utilizes secondary forms of treatment yields a potable effluent.
False
184.
Plastic is the most abundant solid waste product washed up on beaches.
True
185.
The most abundant components in municipal landfills are
paper and organic
material
186.
The amount of material in municipal landfills that cannot be composted or recycled is
between 5 and 10% of the total
187.
Methane forms in landfills as a product of
biologic decay in absence of oxygen
The increase of temperatures in cities is caused by black asphalt dark roof tops adn more cars
True
Cities are how much hotter than rural nearby country sides
7-10 degrees
Green roofs
have gardens on them
A hotter planet will lead to more powerful hurricanes
true
A hotter planet will lead to more drought
true
A hotter planet will lead to lessening of air pollution
false
Soil health is vital to biodiversity, agricultural production, and out atmosphere, but climate
change and deforestation often overshadow it.
True
Soil is commonly referred to as the “skin of the Earth” Conserving our soil means a healthy
ecosystme and good farmlands fertilitly
True
Monoculture, chemical use, and human activity have improved soil conditions
False
Compared to 1970 vehicle models, new vehicles are approximately 99 percent cleaner for
common pollutants, including hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particle
emissions, while annual vehicle miles traveled has dramatically increased.
True
Many US offshore wind power contracts have been cancelled or are at risk of cancellation
True
A source of air pollution is not fossil fuels
False
Kaalistan greatly expanded its mineral, gas, OD and metal output and quickly became one of
the world’s leading nonrenewable fuel exporters.
True
Kaazkhstan is the world leader in the production of what mineral?
Uranium
As a mostly land-locked country, Kazakhstan has been able to escape periods of drought ,
desertification, and famine.
False
Over the period 2010-2020, Africa experienced the largest net increase of forests at 3.9million
hectares per year, followed by South America at 2.6 million hectares per year.
False
Over the same time frame, Asia experienced the largest average annual net loss of forests with
most of the loss occurring in East Asia, with China reporting an average annual net loss of 19
million hectares.
False
When it rains, trees absorb and store large amounts of water with the help of their roots. When
they are aut, the flow of water is disturbed and the soil loses its ability to hold water. It causes
hooding in some areas and drought in others.
True
Earthqualtes are a natural process caused by plate movement and rising magma, however over
the past century, earthquales are increasing in abundance and size.
True
Earthquales can be human induced such as by fracking for gas and ail and wastewater injection
to rid of polluted waters.
True
Tsunamis can cross the 7000 mles of the Pacific Ocean, for example, Chile to Japan, in 23
hours leading to a travel velocity of approximately.
300mph
The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped beit of intense volcanic activity and frequent
earthquales that encirdes the edges of the Padfic Ocean. This region is home to approximately
plates.
True
75% of the world's active volcanoes and is caused by the movement and collision of tectonic:
All of the above
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