practice for exam 1
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Ivy Tech Community College, Indianapolis *
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Course
100
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
12
Uploaded by GrandTitanium11150
In your own words, describe how a scientific hypothesis is different from a scientific
theory. Also, please provide example hypothesis & theory statements to better illustrate
the differences between the two.
Your Answer:
A scientific hypothesis is a proposed explanation or educated guess that can be tested
through experimentation or observation. It's a preliminary and specific statement about a
phenomenon or a relationship between variables. Hypotheses are often formulated
based on existing knowledge or observations and serve as a starting point for further
research. They are subject to testing and can either be supported or refuted based on
empirical evidence. Hypotheses are relatively narrow in scope and are typically used to
address specific questions in the scientific method.
Example Hypothesis: "If plants are exposed to increased levels of sunlight, their growth
rate will increase."
A scientific theory, on the other hand, is a well-substantiated and comprehensive
explanation of a natural phenomenon based on a body of evidence. It represents a
higher level of scientific understanding and is supported by a wide range of data,
experiments, and observations. A theory is a broad and overarching concept that has
withstood rigorous testing and scrutiny over time. It provides a framework for
understanding related phenomena and can be used to make predictions.
Example Theory: "The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection explains how species
change over time through mechanisms such as genetic variation, competition, and
adaptation."
Question 2
1 / 1 pts
Using Figure 3, look at location B. Which of the following is correct for location B?
Location B is an example of an active divergent plate boundary.
Location B is an example of a convergent plate boundary.
Location B is an example of an intraplate hot spot.
Question 3
1 / 1 pts
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Using Figure 1, what layer of the Earth is A indicating?
Outer Core
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
Mantle
Incorrect
Question 4
0 / 1 pts
Using Figure 3, look at location D. Seafloor spreading is occurring at location D.
True
False
Question 5
1 / 1 pts
Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen?
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Calcite
Diamond
Quartz
Olivine
Question 6
1 / 1 pts
A scientific theory is essentially an educated guess.
True
False
Question 7
1 / 1 pts
The Andes Mountains in South America are formed a:
Transform Plate Boundary
Divergent Plate Boundary
Convergent Plate Boundary
Question 8
1 / 1 pts
The two sedimentary rock types
are:
Anthracite Coal & Bituminous Coal
Limestone & Granite
Regional & Contact
Detrital & Chemical
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
What is the term for when one lithospheric plate slides beneath another lithospheric
plate?
Isostacy
Accretion
Divergence
Subduction
Question 10
1 / 1 pts
In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units?
core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere
Question 11
1 / 1 pts
Select from the list below the coarse-grained igneous rock that is composed mainly of
quartz and potassium feldspar.
Granite
Basalt
Andesite
Diorite
Question 12
1 / 1 pts
Convergent plate boundaries are characterized by seafloor spreading.
True
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False
Question 13
1 / 1 pts
The basic building block of a silicate is composed of ________.
4 oxygens and 1 silicon
1 oxygen and 1 silicon
3 oxygens and 1 silicon
2 oxygens and 1 silicon
Question 14
1 / 1 pts
Volcanic Island Arcs form at convergent plate boundaries.
True
False
Question 15
1 / 1 pts
When two continents converge, ________.
the sediments trapped between them are pushed up and deformed to make a mountain
range
the lighter continent is subducted
the heavier continent is subducted
Question 16
1 / 1 pts
The most recent supercontinent is:
Gondwana
Rhodinia
Pangaea
Laurasia
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
________ is a planar, parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic
rock.
Rock cleavage
Stress streaking
Foliation
Marbleizing
Question 18
1 / 1 pts
The agents of metamorphism are ________.
heat, pressure, and chemical fluids
foliation and deposition
contact and regional deformation
uplifting and folding
Question 19
1 / 1 pts
Most major volcanoes are located within the Ring of Fire around the Pacific plate.
True
False
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