GEO 200 Worksheet 2

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Western Governors University *

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200

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Geography

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Dec 6, 2023

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Question Response Chosen Region Mediterranean Europe 1. Location and Connectivity: What are the absolute and relative locations of your selected region? How does this region connect to others? The Mediterranean Europe region consists of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, Slovenia, Croatia, Cyprus, and Malta (Nijman et al., 2020). The Mediterranean Europe region ranges from approximately 36.0005°N to 46.4661°N and from approximately 38.779056°W to 35.6929°E (Google, n.d). The region is flanked by the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. The region is connected to Western Europe at its borders with France, Switzerland, and Austria. The region is connected to Eastern Europe at its borders of Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria . (Nijman et al., 2016) Google (n.d.). [Mediterranean Europe}. Retrieved November 4, 2023, from https://www.google.com/maps Nijman, J., Muller, P. O., & Shin, M. (2020). The World Today: Concepts and Regions in Geography (8th ed.). Wiley Global Education US. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781119577614

Question Response 2. Physical Characteristics: How would you describe the climate, physiography, landscape, and natural hazards of your selected region? Address at least three of the physical characteristics listed above for this worksheet. Note: This is part of the Place theme of geography. The Mediterranean region of Europe has many different geographical features. There are coastlines, mountains, semi-arid steppes, and wetlands along with many islands (Wikipedia contributors, 2023). The topography is hilly with mountains being seen from almost every area. The climate in the Mediterranean region is hot and dry in the summer, with episodes of drought that may last for months (Woodward, 2009). The winters are wet and cool. The Mediterranean Europe region shares its climate with parts of California, Chile, Argentina, South Africa, and Australia due to their positions between the latitudes of31 °W and 40°W and 31°S and 40°S ( What Is a Mediterranean Climate? , n.d.). There are volcanoes in the Mediterranean region, most of them being in Italy. There are four volcanoes in Italy that have erupted in recent history, Mount Etna, Stromboli, Mount Vesuvius, and Vulcano ( Global Volcanism Program | Italy Volcanoes , n.d.). Both earthquakes and tsunamis occur in the region ( Tsunami Hazard Regions in the Mediterranean Region , n.d.). The African Plate subducts under the Eurasian Plate below the Mediterranean Sea causing numerous earthquakes. There are also microplates in the region as well. Global Volcanism Program | Italy Volcanoes . (n.d.). Smithsonian Institution | Global Volcanism Program. https://volcano.si.edu/volcanolist_countries.cfm?country=Italy Tsunami hazard regions in the Mediterranean region . (n.d.). ESKP. https://www.eskp.de/en/natural-hazards/tsunami-hazard- regions-in-the-mediterranean-region-935478/#:~:text=Earthquakes%20and%20active%20volcanoes%20along,tsunamis %20in%20the%20Mediterranean%20region.&text=Several%20devastating%20tsunami%20events%20have,this %20region%20in%20the%20past. What is a mediterranean climate? (n.d.). https://www.mediterraneangardensociety.org/climate.html Wikipedia contributors. (2023, October 31). Mediterranean Basin . Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Basin#Geography Woodward, J. (2009). The physical geography of the Mediterranean . OUP Oxford.

Question Response 3. Human Characteristics: What are the language families/groups, religions, races, and cultures of your selected region? What are the region’s population density and economic development? Address at least three of the human characteristics listed above for this worksheet. Note: This also is part of the Place theme of geography. The Mediterranean region has multiple languages. The language differs depending on the country. The languages spoken are Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Slovenian, Croatian, and Maltese (klaus kästle - nationsonline.org, n.d.). Most of the countries also use English as a business language. Catholicism is the predominant religion in the region ( International Center for Law and Religion Studies | , n.d.). Greek Orthodox is the primary religion in Greece and Cyprus. The population of the region is approximately 136 million people ( The World Factbook - the World Factbook , n.d.). Italy has the largest population with 61 million people and Malta has the smallest population with 400,000 people. Tourism is a large part of the economy in the region. Approximately 250 million people visit the region each year ( Tourism in the Mediterranean: Trends and Perspectives , n.d.). Spain and Italy have the most tourist in the region. International Center for Law and Religion Studies | . (n.d.). https://www.iclrs.org/ klaus kästle - nationsonline.org. (n.d.). European Languages by Countries :: :: Official and national Languages of Europe - Nations Online Project . https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/european_languages.htm The World Factbook - The World Factbook . (n.d.). https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ Tourism in the Mediterranean: Trends and Perspectives . (n.d.). https://www.iemed.org/publication/tourism-in-the- mediterranean-trends-and-perspectives/

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Question Response 4. Human/Environment Interactions: How do the physical and human characteristics interact to produce notable observations of the landscape in your selected region? Address at least three of this worksheet's human/environmenta l characteristics listed above. The Mediterranean Sea has been severely impacted by humans, as it is the most overfished area in the world (Mrowiec, 2018). Along with depleting species of fish, bottom trawling has caused irreparable damage to underwater habitats and ecosystems. Pollution from humans is another factor that has impacted the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean Sea has one of the highest levels of plastic pollution on the planet. Tourism has also impacted the region. More tourists mean more hotels, restaurants, and tourist attractions ( The Monk Seal Guardian , n.d.). This has been especially prevalent along the coasts of Spain and Italy. The rise of tourism has caused habitat loss for many plants and animals. Mrowiec, A. (2018, August 16). Overfishing and pollution have trashed the Mediterranean . Oceana. https://oceana.org/blog/overfishing-and-pollution-have-trashed-mediterranean/ The Monk Seal Guardian . (n.d.). https://www.monachus-guardian.org/ 5. Movement: With how much ease and ability do ideas, goods, and people flow in and out of your selected region? What drives this movement? The Mediterranean region has multiple transportation options. People who live the Mediterranean region are able to move freely through Europe without need for a passport due to the Shengen Agreement (Gelatt, 2019). This agreement makes it easy for people and ideas to move throughout Europe easily. Due to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean multiple ports make it easy to move products and people in and out of the region (Wikipedia contributors, 2023a). There are major airports throughout the region as well as railways and rapid transit. Gelatt, J. G. J. (2019, July 19). Schengen and the free movement of people across Europe . migrationpolicy.org. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/schengen-and-free-movement-people-across-europe#:~:text=Freedom%20of %20movement%20across%20much%20of%20Europe%20has Wikipedia contributors. (2023a, September 9). Transport in Europe . Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Europe#Sea_and_river_transport References:

GEO 200 Worksheet 2

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