6.6 Global damage assignment
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Dec 6, 2023
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PS 120
October 17, 2023
“A Year Without Summer”
The eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815 in Indonesia was one of the most catastrophic volcanic
eruptions in recorded history. It occurred on the island of Sumbawa in the Dutch East Indies
(now known as Indonesia) and significantly impacted global weather patterns, causing
widespread climatic anomalies. The eruption started on 5 April 1815 and culminated with
massive explosions on 10 April, devastating the surrounding region. The outbreak had far-
reaching consequences beyond Indonesia. The ash and aerosols ejected into the atmosphere led
to a global climate anomaly known as the "Year Without a Summer" or "Eighteen Hundred and
Froze to Death" due to the severe and persistent climate abnormalities that affected many parts of
the world in 1816. The volcanic debris blocked sunlight, led to unusually cool temperatures and
disrupted weather patterns in many parts of the world. The Northern Hemisphere experienced a
significant temperature drop, leading to unseasonably cold and harsh conditions, particularly
during summer. This resulted in crop failures, food shortages, and widespread famine in various
regions, including Europe, North America, and Asia.
In North America, this climatic anomaly resulted in devastating frosts in June and July,
destroying crops and leading to widespread food shortages. New England, the Canadian
Maritimes, and parts of eastern Canada were among the region's most severely affected. The
agricultural devastation and subsequent food scarcity forced many families to consider migration
to more fertile lands in search of better living conditions; as for the effects on the early history of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the Church members played a small role in the
consequences of the "Year Without a Summer." Joseph Smith and his family resided in Vermont
at the time, and the adverse effects of the climate on agriculture might have also been a factor
that influenced their decision to move to Palmyra, New York. This relocation eventually played a
significant role in the early history of The Church, where young Joseph was to receive a series of
remarkable visions and the Book of Mormon.
The volcanic aftermath, which led to the "Year Without a Summer," caused widespread crop
failures and food shortages, particularly in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada.
This challenging environment contributed to financial struggles and food scarcity among the
Church's early members, primarily in New York and later in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. The
difficult circumstances caused by the "Year Without a Summer" influenced the decisions of many
individuals, including members of the Church, to seek better opportunities and more fertile lands
in the American West. This migration eventually played a significant role in the westward
expansion of the United States and the eventual settlement of the Church in Utah under the
leadership of Brigham Young.
Resources:
Bellville, P. K. (1983).
A Year Without a Summer
. Www.churchofjesuschrist.org.
https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1983/01/a-year-without-a-summer?
lang=eng
The Economist. (11 April 2015).
After Tambora
. The Economist; The Economist.
https://www.economist.com/briefing/2015/04/11/after-tambora
5 Effects that the Mount Tambora Eruption of 1815 had on the World
. (n.d.).
Www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2 June 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_2BmIhxfl_I
1 Ask in Faith
. (n.d.). Www.churchofjesuschrist.org.
https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/history/saints-v1/01-ask-in-faith?lang=eng
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