ES4 HW 2

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De Anza College *

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Geography

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Dec 6, 2023

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ES 4 Online Education Roeder- SUMMER 2023 HOMEWORK # 2 - The impact of fossil fuels on people, planet, profit and politics. Provide detailed answers. A one sentence response for each of the sub questions will not score well. Do not change the format of this worksheet or combine the sub questions into a single detailed response. Demonstrate some analysis and critical thought! 1) Do some RESEARCH : DESCRIBE the DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL SPILL and its IMPACT : Brief Description: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was a catastrophic disaster that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. The spill was caused by an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. The explosion killed 11 workers and caused a massive oil leak. The spill released an estimated 4.9 million barrels of oil into the ocean. The spill had devastating consequences for the environment, killing marine life, and damaging ecosystems. Impact on the Environment: The spill contaminated water, air, and soil, and caused widespread damage to ecosystems and marine life. The spill affected wetlands, marshes, beaches, and coral reefs. The oil contaminated the water and killed marine life, including fish, dolphins, and sea turtles. The oil also affected the food chain, as smaller fish and plankton absorbed the oil. Impact on the Economy: The spill forced the closure of large areas of the Gulf to fishing and other activities. The tourism industry was severely affected, as the oil spill made many beaches and coastal areas unsafe for swimming and other recreational activities. Impact on People: The oil spill caused the loss of 11 lives and injured many others in the initial explosion. The oil spill forced many people to evacuate their homes and businesses. It had a negative impact on the health of many people who lived in the Gulf of Mexico region. They were exposed to toxic chemicals and fuels from the oil. 2) Do some RESEARCH on the DUKE ENERGY COAL ASH POND in North Carolina What is a coal ash pond? A Coal ash pond is a large, man-made body of water that is used to store the waste products produced by coal-fired power plants. Coal ash ponds are designed to hold waste material. What environmental issues were caused to the Dan River? The coal ash contained toxic substances like arsenic, lead, and mercury. The spill caused significant damage to the local ecosystem, as well as the river’s fish and wildlife populations. It also contaminated the river’s water supply.
What was the end solution? Duke Energy was required to pay a fine and take steps to clean up the coal ash ponds. The company agreed to close all its coal ash ponds in North Carolina and convert to safer methods of waste disposal. Increased regulatory oversight of the coal industry and new regulations to protect waterways from coal ash contamination were prompted after the spill. 3) Do some RESEARCH on the KEYSTONE XL PIPELINE - Where does it BEGIN and END , What is the CURRENT STATUS and what IMPACT does it have on PEOPLE and the ENVIRONMENT ? Where does it Begin and End: It would run from Alberta, Canada to Port Arthur, Texas. Current Status: The status for the pipeline is canceled. President Biden revoked the permit for the pipeline project. Impact on People: The pipeline would have had a significant impact on people living along its route. It would have crossed through several Indigenous communities, potentially impacting their lands and waterways. Impact on the Environment: The pipeline would have crossed through ecosystems and wildlife habitats, potentially damaging these areas and disrupting the natural balance. Soil and water contamination, harm to wildlife and aquatic life and air pollution are only some of the serious impacts that could have happened had the pipelines leak or spill oil. 4) Do some RESEARCH on the SAN BRUNO PIPELINE EXPLOSION in 2010 What SPECIFICALLY caused the pipeline to explode? Pg&e workers were replacing electronic systems at the Milpitas pipeline terminal just south of San Bruno, power got lost during this maintenance, and one of the components malfunctioned causing valves to open which led to a pressure increase to 386psi the highest on record level at that location, causing the pipe to rupture. The pipe that ruptured was taken to a lab to be tested. The results showed the pipe to be of an unknown origin, the testing also showed the pipe was poorly fabricated. What human impact did the explosion have? The San Bruno pipeline explosion resulted in the loss of eight lives and caused dozens of injuries. It also destroyed or damaged more than 100 homes in the surrounding area. What is being done to prevent future pipeline ruptures?
Since the San Bruno pipeline explosion, there have been initiatives such as more rigorous pipeline inspections, improved safety standards for pipeline construction and maintenance, and increased public awareness about the risks associated with pipelines. All pipeline operators are now required to improve their risk management systems by installing sensors to determine the exact location of ruptures when it occurs, as well as installing automatic shut-off valves, and running regular audits to test the strength of their pipelines. 5) Do some RESEARCH on CHEVRON OIL REFINERIES in RICHMOND, CA in 2010 Explain the problem The Chevron oil refinery in Richmond, California had a major fire in 2010, that was caused by a pipeline rupture. The rupture happened in the refinery’s crude oil processing unit, which caused a vapor cloud to form. Which then ignited, causing a fire that burned for several hours and sent black smoke into the air. Why is it considered an environmental justice issue? It is considered an environmental justice issue because the refinery is in a predominantly low-income, minority community that has been subjected to environmental hazards and pollution. The rupture released toxic chemicals into the air, which put nearby residents at risk of exposure to harmful pollutants. These environmental risks were hazards in communities that are disproportionately impacted by pollution and other hazards. What health issues were caused? It sent 15,000 people to local hospitals for treatment of respiratory 19 workers were in critical condition. Highest rates of asthma, heart disease, cancers around the refinery, What is the current situation? They have since resumed operations but prompted several safety improvements and regulatory changes aimed at preventing similar incidents from occurring in the future.
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