lab 1 and 2-2
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Binghamton University *
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Course
101
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
4
Uploaded by PresidentKudu514
GEOG 101- Laura Pangallozzi
Labs 1 and 2
1.
How would you characterize the nature of Wegner’s education?
-
I would characterize the nature of Wegner’s education as very social and cultural.
He studied at different places and got the experience of learning more about
nature and the earth itself.
2.
How do you think his education might have influenced his work in geology?
-
It might have influenced his work in geology because he had witnessed a large
format atlas in which he noticed something that had stuck out to him. His former
professor Marucs Plank also supplied him with endless information to help
influence his work. He was also able to draw different hypotheses about geology.
3.
Briefly explain the theory of continental drift and how it changed our understanding of the
earth.
-
Wegner once said that the continents were brought together into one
supercontinent called Pangaea. He then proposed that the continents then
separated into their own spaces creating today's continents. It changed our
understanding because it made way for another theory called plate tectonics.
4.
How did the delay in mapmaking from Challenger data impede understanding of earth
dynamics?
-
It helped us to discover continental drift.
5.
On what material was the map originally available in 1890?
-
The maps were drawn originally on paper.
6.
Describe how the map shows marshy areas
-
The map describes marshy areas by highlighting them in blue
7.
Look at the various hills on the map (Monday Hill, Beech Hill, Turkey Hill, Sawyers Hill,
etc.) and describe how the cartographer indicates elevation. Note on the contour interval
at the bottom of the map in your answer. A contour interval is the vertical distance or
difference in elevation between contour lines.
-
The cartographer draws spirals around any type of hill area to indicate elevation.
The contour interval is 20 feet.
8.
How does the map portray elevation changes below the surface of water?
-
The map portrays elevation changes below the surface of water by using contour
lines.
9.
At the bottom of the map, what does scale mean?
-
Scale gives a ratio of inches on the map correlating to inches, feet, or miles.
10. In your own words describe a choropleth map.
-
A choropleth map is a type of map that uses a bunch of different techniques such
as shading and coloring to show the many regions with different data.
11. In your own words describe a dot distribution map.
-
A dot distribution map is a type of map that uses different point symbols to show
large distributions on the map. This type of map heavily relies on scatter to show
space differences and their patterns.
12. In your own words, describe a graduated symbol map. How does a graduated symbol
map differ from a proportional symbol map?
-
A graduated symbol map is a map that shows symbols that change in size based
on date and value. If the circle is bigger that means there is more data, and if the
circle is smaller there is less data for the region. A graduated symbol map differs
from a proportional symbol map because proportional symbol maps reveal the
size of the symbol proportional to the value that is being shown, whereas
graduated symbol maps use symbols to represent classes of data.
13. In your own words describe an isoline map
-
An isoline map uses a key to show data and uses various colors and lines to show
the distance from the center to the outside. The center of the map is typically the
hottest. When moving farther from the center the temperature begins to decrease.
14. In your own words describe a cartogram.
-
A cartogram map is a map that shows the information of a different variable by
changing the geographic size to show travel time and population.
15. In your own words describe a dasymetric map.
-
A dasymetric map uses boundaries to break apart regions into different zones that
show some similarities. It uses different colors to be able to differentiate between
the different data.
16. What organizations created the county health rankings?
-
There were 2 groups such as The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the
University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute.
17. Are the organizations in the field of public health?
-
Yes, they are both in the field of public health.
18. Would they generally be considered to have the authority to create the data?
-
Yes, because they get their information from natural sources.
19. What appears to be the primary statistic used to create the county health rankings?
-
The primary statistic used to create the county health rankings is the life
expectancy.
20. New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago are the largest cities in the US in terms of
population. Judging by life expectancy, is public health in these cities better or worse
than average?
-
Judging by the life expectancy in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, public
health is better than average.
21. What factor that explains the low life expectancy of these purple counties is apparent
from the maps that came up in your google search? (Hint: The counties in New Mexico
and Arizona with the lowest life expectancy share the same issue.)
-
The Indian reservations is the factor that explains the low life expectancy of the
purple counties.
22.
https://arcg.is/Sqinz
23. Look at the three graphics shown in link 1.4g. Use them to explain the Modified Areal
Unit Problem in your own words.
-
The Modified Areal Unit Problem is when the size, shape or zone is different from
others which creates a problem in trying to interpret.
24. List 3 ways discussed by Deluca and Nelson in which maps can be manipulated.
-
One way maps can be manipulated is by gerrymandering, which is the
manipulation of the boundaries of an electoral nation in order to approve a certain
political group. A second way is by changing the zoning to show more precise
results. The last way they can be manipulated is through the way they are
classified.
25. Describe the differences between the maps of disease prevalence at links 1.6 and 1.7.
-
The 1.6 map can be looked at as a choropleth map while 1.7 can be looked at as a
isopleth map. The choropleth map uses different color, shading and lines to
differentiate the data. A isopleth map doesn't have a defined area for the data, it
separates the certain areas with the same colors used for other similar data.
26. Which map is better?
-
The isopleth map is better because it doesn't have the problem of the MAU which
is the problem that happens with aggregation of spatial data by adjusting the size,
form , and/or direction of geographical categories in geographical data.
27. List the geographies-other than the command, contiguous United States-covered by the
bathymetric layer.
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-
The Bering sea, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, North Pacific Ocean, and North
Atlantic Ocean
28.
https://arcg.is/1W8DXf0
29. What is a csv file? Why is it useful?
-
A csv file is a file known as a “comma separated” file. It helps to provide an easier
way to move data between different software packages.
30. What is a centroid?
-
A centroid is known as the center of the location and is also known as the
geometric center for line, multipoint and area features.
31. What does it mean to make the following observation: The centroid of population in the
US has been moving steadily westward since the Revolution of 1776?
-
Westward expansion started after the Revolution which means that the population
started moving towards the west. The centroid of the population moves west as it
follows along with the population.
32. What does the map tell you about the global distribution of the great-grandparents of
students in the class?
-
This map tells that the global distribution of the great grandparents of students in
the class are spread out through many continents all over the world. North
America has the largest dot which means it's the most popular.
33.
https://arcg.is/1HXGvb0