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Energy Resources
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS
1.
What is the term for resources which can be used repeatedly and are naturally replenished over time fast enough to keep up with consumption?
2.
Name three types of nonrenewable resources.
3.
Conventional oil and gas are extracted from porous rock bodies underground known as ___ rocks.
a.
Source
b.
Peat
c.
Reservoir
d.
Fracking
4.
Name three types of renewable resources.
5.
Photovoltaic cells utilize tiny strips of ___ that are joined together into modules.
a.
Biomass
b.
Semiconductors
c.
Turbines
d.
Uranium-235
©eScience Labs, 2018
Energy Resources
EXERCISE 1: ENERGY COMSUMPTION IN THE U.S.A.
Data Sheet
Table 1. Energy Usage by State in 2012
State Name
BTU per Year
Pounds of Coal per Year
Eastern State 1:Massachusetts
136300000
14098lbs
Eastern State 2:Newyork
162100000
16767lbs
Central State 1:Texas
171600000
17749
Central State 2: Mississippi
188400000
19487lbs
Western State 1:Arizona
116200000
12019lbs
Western State 2:California
131100000
13560lbs
Exercise 1 Post-Lab Questions
Part 1 Questions:
1.
What are the sources of energy on Earth?
Sun/ hydro power/ biomass etc
2.
What are the societal impacts of access to energy resources?
It can lead to Climate change mitigation Part 2 Questions:
1.
What are some of the possible major sources of energy consumption in the states you selected?
a.
Eastern States: Natural Gas, Fuel, Electricity
b.
Central States: Fossil fuels, Wind, Solar
c.
Western States: Natual gas and oil
©eScience Labs, 2018
Energy Resources
2.
What are some things you could do to reduce your average daily energy usage?
RIDING A BICYCLE OR TAKING THE TRAIN WHEN NEEDED ©eScience Labs, 2018
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Energy Resources
EXERCISE 2: THE DEEPWATER HORIZON INCIDENT
Data Sheet
Background Information Needed to Complete the Assignment:
Diameter of the Deepwater Horizon
drill pipe: 20 inches
Average rate of oil moving through the pipe: 20 inches/second
Area of a circle: πr
2
(
pi times r squared
), where π = 3.14159 and r = the radius of the circle (1/2 of the diameter)
1.
Calculate the interior area of the drill pipe using the formula for the area of a circle. Your answer will be in square inches (in
2
). Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
2.
Calculate the volume of oil escaping the pipe every second by multiplying the interior area of the drill pipe (you calculated above) by the average rate of oil moving through the
pipe. Your answer will be in cubic inches per second (in
3
/s). Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
3.
Calculate the volume of oil escaping the pipe each minute by converting your previous answer to cubic inches per minute (in
3
/min). Remember, there are 60 seconds in 1 minute. Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
4.
Calculate the volume of oil escaping the pipe each hour by converting your previous answer to cubic inches per hour (in
3
/hr). Remember, there are 60 minutes in 1 hour. Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
5.
Calculate the volume of oil escaping the pipe per day by converting your previous answer to cubic inches per day (in
3
/day). Remember, there are 24 hours in 1 day. Show your work and record your answer in Table 2.
6.
Convert the volume of oil escaping the pipe per day from cubic inches per day (in
3
/day) to cubic feet per day (ft
3
/day). The conversion factor is 1 in
3
= 0.000579 ft
3
. Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
©eScience Labs, 2018
Energy Resources
7.
Convert the volume of oil escaping the piper per day from cubic feet per day (ft
3
/day) to barrels per day (bbl/day). The conversion factor is 1 barrel = 5.61 ft
3
. Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
8.
Find the total barrels of oil discharged during the incident by multiplying the barrels of oil escaping the pipe per day by the total length of time the pipe leaked (86 days). Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
9.
Convert the total barrels of oil (bbl) discharged during the incident to total gallons of oil (gal) discharged during the incident. There are 42 gallons in 1 barrel of oil. Show your work below and record your answer in Table 2.
Table 2. Deepwater Horizon
Flow Rate Calculations
Interior Area of the Drill Pipe (in
2
):
314.159
Volume of Oil Escaping the Pipe Each Second (in
3
/s):
6283.2
Volume of Oil Escaping the Pipe Each Minute (in
3
/min):
376992
Volume of Oil Escaping the Pipe Each Hour (in
3
/hr): 22619520
Volume of Oil Escaping the Pipe Per Day (in
3
/day):
1357171200
Cubic feet of Oil Escaping the Pipe Per Day (ft
3
/day):
785802.12
Barrels of Oil Escaping the Pipe Per Day (bbl/day):
55998.21
Total Barrels of Oil Discharged (bbl):
4815846.06
Total Gallons of Oil Discharged (gal):
202265535
©eScience Labs, 2018
Energy Resources
Exercise 2 Post-Lab Questions
1.
After a lengthy series of court cases, The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana officially ruled that 4.0 million barrels of oil were released from the drill pipe during the incident. Was your calculation of the total barrels discharged in relative agreement with this ruling? Explain your reasoning.
Yes my my calculation of the total barrels was relatively close.
2.
Calculate the percent error of your determination of the total barrels released (compared to the official court ruling). The equation for percent error is below. Show your work.
481,584,506
3.
The Deepwater Horizon
blowout and spill was a human, economic, and environmental disaster. On a fundamental level, our demand for energy is driving the oil and gas industry into more complex and unknown territory, where the consequences of mistakes and accidents become far greater. By drilling in such areas, the energy industry has determined that the monetary rewards of drilling far outweigh the human and environmental risks. Do you agree with this assessment? Explain your reasoning.
I agree the deep water oil spill had a huge impact on the environment . There will be bigger consequences if another oil spill takes place. The environment and the living things in it will not be safe.
©eScience Labs, 2018
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Energy Resources
EXERCISE 3: SOLAR ENERGY
Data Sheet
Description of Weather at the Time of the Exercise:
Table 3. Solar Cell Observations
Environmental Variable
Motor Speed (Select One)*
Direct Sunlight
VF F M S NM
100% Shaded
VF F M S NM
50% Shaded
VF F M S NM
45° Angle Toward Sun
VF F M S NM
45° Angle Away from Sun
VF F M S NM
Under Red Filter
VF F M S NM
Under Blue Filter
VF F M S NM
Under Green Filter
VF F M S NM
Under Yellow Filter
VF F M S NM
*VF = Very Fast; F = Fast; M = Medium; S = Slow; NM = No Motion
Exercise 3 Post-Lab Questions
1.
Develop hypotheses for the efficiency of solar energy for direct sunlight versus the other three variables to be tested:
a.
Direct vs. Indirect (at a 45° angle) Sunlight: there is no difference in the solar energy ‘s exposure to daylight
b.
Direct Sunlight vs. Shade:
c.
Direct Sunlight vs. Filtered Light:
©eScience Labs, 2018
Energy Resources
2.
Based on your results, would you accept or reject your hypotheses in Question 1. Why?
a.
Direct vs. Indirect (at a 45° angle) Sunlight: reject hypothesis because exposure to daylight brings more solar energy b.
Direct Sunlight vs. Shade:Reject because the shade yielded the direct sunlight
c.
Direct Sunlight vs. Filtered Light: Accept because the sunlight and filtered light are similar
3.
What factors increased the current generated by the solar cell? What factors decreased the current generated by the solar cell? Explain your reasoning based on your data.
4.
Below is an image of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Sun produces radiation across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, but solar panels only use radiation within the visible
light range to produce electricity. Most solar cells produce their maximum energy output from light that has a wavelength around 700 nm (nanometers). Do your exercise results agree with this energy output trend? Explain why or why not.
Electromagnetic radiation is classified by its wavelength and separated into different types of
waves (nm = nanometers).
©eScience Labs, 2018
Energy Resources
5.
How could you increase the overall electricity generated by a solar cell throughout the day as the Sun’s angle in the sky changes?
Cut the trees short to avoid the shade and keep the solar panel clean
6.
Based on the overall climate and environment where you live, would solar panels work well for your home? Explain.
Yes I think solar panels will work well for my home because we receive a lot of sunlight in our area and it would help save electricity.
©eScience Labs, 2018
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