FTX Case study
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Vancouver Island University *
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Apr 3, 2024
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F T X C A S E S T U D Y
S H A S H A N K S I N G H A M A N G U P TA H I M M AT S I N G H B H AT I A B H A G YA S H R E E N A R K A R
Land Acknowledgement
The Vancouver Island University community acknowledges and thanks the Snuneymuxw, Snaw-Naw-As, Quw’utsun and Tla’amin peoples, on whose traditional lands we teach, learn, research, live and share knowledge.
What is Cryptocurrenc
y?
Cryptocurrency: A digital, encrypted, and decentralized medium of exchange.Operates through a computer network without needing a central authority.Utilizes a distributed public ledger known as the blockchain.Currency holders record and maintain all transactions (Forbes et al.).
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Who is FTX? Binance? Alameda? How are they connected?
FTX: FTX is known for its significant transactions and movements of digital assets. Recent reports indicate that FTX and Alameda Research have been involved in transferring substantial amounts of cryptocurrency to exchanges like Binance and Coinbase, with transactions totalling millions of dollars (Jones, 2023). Binance:
Binance is a globally renowned cryptocurrency exchange platform that has revolutionized how individuals trade digital assets. Founded in 2017 by Changpeng Zhao, Binance offers various services, including spot trading, futures trading, margin trading, and more, catering to novice and experienced traders. Alameda:
Alameda Research is a crypto trading firm founded by Sam Bankman-Fried. It specializes in quantitative trading and market-making strategies (Goldstein et al., 2022).
Connection
•
FTX, Alameda Research, and Binance are linked through significant asset movements.
•
FTX and Alameda have transferred millions to Binance, Coinbase, and other exchanges.
•
On-chain data analysis reveals a close and active financial interaction between the parties (Radmilac, 2022).
•
The relationship between FTX and Alameda is notably close, demonstrated by substantial money transfers to various exchanges, including Binance (Allison, 2022).
How did FTX funnel money to Alemada? Was it legal? Where did the money go?
•
FTX directed funds to Alameda Research, with Alameda borrowing billions in customer funds from FTX without authorization (Rooney, 2022).
•
This activity violated U.S. securities law and FTX's terms of service, leading to significant losses.
•
Alameda utilized the borrowed funds for risky bets, leveraging FTX's native token as collateral and investing in illiquid cryptocurrencies (Kauflin, n.d.).
•
Poor record-keeping and accounting controls exacerbated the situation, contributing to substantial losses.
•
Factors such as the collapse of the TerraUSD stablecoin and leveraging illiquid collateral for loans played critical roles in the financial downfall.
•
Recovery efforts are underway, but restitution to customers is challenging due to funds being spent by Alameda, making a full recovery unlikely.
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What triggered the fall of FTX?
•
FTX's collapse in November 2022 stemmed from a series of events, including a liquidity crisis, mismanagement of funds, and questionable financial practices.
•
Assets held by affiliated trading firm Alameda Research were revealed to be mainly speculative cryptocurrency tokens, triggering a surge in customer withdrawals and concerns over financial practices.
•
This led to bankruptcy for both FTX and Alameda, significantly impacting the cryptocurrency industry with other exchanges downsizing and facing regulatory scrutiny (Huang, 2022).
•
Founder Sam Bankman-Fried faced criminal charges for misappropriating funds and generating false financial statements (Davis, n.d.).
•
The aftermath involved frozen assets, bankruptcy filings, and investigations by regulatory authorities.
Explain the fraud charges against FTX.
•
Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of FTX, convicted of wire fraud, money laundering, and securities fraud.
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Indicted on eight criminal charges, found guilty on seven federal counts, awaiting sentencing in March 2024 (FTX Scam Explained, n.d.).
•
Allegations include siphoning funds from FTX to his hedge fund, misappropriating customer deposits, and engaging in fraudulent activities to promote cryptocurrency legislation favorable to his business (Cohen et al., 2023).
•
FTX announced no relaunch of its exchange, opting to repay customers based on November 2022 cryptocurrency prices.
•
The case underscores significant financial fraud in the cryptocurrency industry,
How has the crash of FTX affected cryptocurrency now?
•
FTX crash in 2022 had a significant impact on the cryptocurrency industry, leading to widespread distrust and investor losses.
•
Collapse attributed to mismanagement of funds, lack of liquidity, and questionable financial practices involving sister company, Alameda Research.
•
Aftermath reshaped the crypto landscape with increased calls for regulation, potential industry consolidation, and market recovery efforts.
•
Despite turmoil, Bitcoin recovered losses and stabilized above $21,000 after falling below $16,000 following news of FTX's troubles (The Collapse of FTX, n.d.).
•
Event highlighted Bitcoin's resilience amidst industry challenges.
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Explain any regulatory changes that have resulted.
•
Price Decline:
The value of FTX's native token, FTT, plummeted, causing a ripple effect on other cryptocurrencies like Ethereum and Bitcoin, which reached a two-year low (Ramirez, 2023). •
Investor Confidence:
The collapse of FTX has shaken investor confidence in cryptocurrencies (Browne, 2022). It may further deter investors who are already cautious due to concerns about stability and security. •
Industry Impact:
The collapse of FTX is considered the largest collapse in the short history of cryptocurrencies. It has had broader consequences for the cryptocurrency industry, and the full extent of its impact is still unfolding. The disaster may reshape the industry and set back the adoption of crypto assets by one or two years (Reiff, 2023).
References •
Allison, I. (2022, November 2). Divisions in Sam Bankman-Fried’s Crypto Empire Blur on His Trading Titan Alameda’s Balance Sheet
. https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/11/02/divisions-in-sam-bankman-frieds-crypto-empire-blur-on-his-trading-titan-alamedas-balance-sheet/
•
Binance - Cryptocurrency Exchange for Bitcoin, Ethereum & Altcoins
. (n.d.). Binance. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.binance.com
•
Browne, R. (2022, December 19). The FTX disaster has set back crypto by “years” — here are 3 ways it could reshape the industry
. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/19/three-ways-the-ftx-disaster-will-reshape-crypto.html
•
Davis, D. (n.d.). What Happened To FTX? The Crypto Exchange Fund’s Collapse Explained.
Forbes. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/darreonnadavis/2023/06/02/what-happened-to-ftx-the-crypto-exchange-funds-collapse-explained/
•
De, N. (2022, November 15). FTX’s Failure Is Sparking a Massive Regulatory Response. www.coindesk.com. Retrieved July 11, 2023, from https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2022/11/14/ftxs-failure-is-sparking-a-massive-regulatory-response/
•
FTX scam explained: Everything you need to know
. (n.d.). WhatIs. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/FTX-scam-explained-Everything-you-need-to-know
•
Goldstein, M., Stevenson, A., Farrell, M., & Yaffe-Bellany, D. (2022, November 30). FTX’s Sister Firm, Alameda Research, Was Central to Collapse. The New York Times
. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/business/dealbook/ftx-almeda-research-sam-bankman-fried.html
•
Hamilton, J. (2023b, January 23). After FTX: How Congress Is Gearing Up to Regulate Crypto. www.coindesk.com. Retrieved July 11, 2023, from https://www.coindesk.com/consensus-magazine/2023/01/23/after-ftx-how-congress-is-gearing-up-to-regulate-crypto/
•
Huang, K. (2022, November 10). Why Did FTX Collapse? Here’s What to Know. The New York Times
. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/10/technology/ftx-binance-crypto-explained.html
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•
Jones, W. (2023, November 1). FTX and Alameda Research Transfers $13.6M to Binance: These Cryptos Are Concerned. CryptoPotato
. https://cryptopotato.com/ftx-and-alameda-research-transfers-13-6m-to-binance-these-cryptos-are-concerned/
•
Kauflin, J. (n.d.). How Did Sam Bankman-Fried’s Alameda Research Lose So Much Money?
Forbes. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffkauflin/2022/11/19/how-did-sam-bankman-frieds-alameda-research-lose-so-
much-money/
•
Radmilac, A. (2022, November 10). FTX, Alameda used Binance as intermediary for their parasitic relationship. CryptoSlate
. https://cryptoslate.com/ftx-alameda-used-binance-as-intermediary-for-their-parasitic-relationship/
•
Ramirez, D. (2023, April 27). FTX crash: timeline, fallout and what investors should know. NerdWallet. https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/investing/ftx-crash
•
Rooney, P. T., Kate. (2022, November 13). Sam Bankman-Fried’s Alameda quietly used FTX customer funds for trading, say sources
. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/13/sam-bankman-frieds-alameda-quietly-used-ftx-customer-funds-without-raising-al
arm-bells-say-sources.html
•
The Collapse of FTX: What Went Wrong With the Crypto Exchange?
(n.d.). Investopedia. Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.investopedia.com/what-went-wrong-with-ftx-6828447
•
What Is Cryptocurrency? – Forbes Advisor
. (n.d.). Retrieved March 6, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/what-is-cryptocurrency/
T H A N K Y O U
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