Morphemes
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Weber State University *
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1040
Subject
English
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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3
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Exercise 1, Part A, a-f: Place a plus sign (+) between morphemes in each word listed below... a.
Tele+phone, B+F b.
In+firm, B+F c.
F+arm, B+F d.
Re+form+er+s, B+F+B+B e.
Ran+ch+ers, F+B+B f.
Act+or, F+B Exercise 3, #2: Not taking into account irregular forms, the English past tense marker has three allomorphic shapes... /d/ is added to voiced sounds /t/ is added to voiceless sounds /
ə
d/ is added to alveolar stops Exercise 6, #1: Consult an etymological dictionary and determine what types of changes have occurred to the words listed below... Only do the following: "royalty", "knave", "hussy" and "pen" Use https://www.etymonline.com/ (Links to an external site.) Royalty: c. 1400, "office or position of a sovereign," also "magnificence," from or modeled on Old French roialte (12c., Modern French royauté), from Vulgar Latin *regalitatem (nominative *regalitas), from Latin regalis (see royal). Sense of "prerogatives or rights granted by a sovereign to an individual or corporation" is from late 15c. From that evolved more general senses, such as "payment to a landowner for use of a mine" (1839), and ultimately "payment to an author, composer, etc." for sale or use of his or her work (1857) Knave: late Old English cnafa "boy, male child; male servant," from Proto-Germanic *knabon- (source also of Old High German knabo "boy, youth, servant," German knabe "boy, lad"); it is also probably related to Old English cnapa "boy, youth, servant," Old Norse knapi "servant boy," Dutch knaap "a youth, servant," Middle High German knappe "a young squire," German Knappe "squire, shield-bearer." Original sense unknown; Klein suggests the prehistoric meaning might have been "stick, piece of wood. Hussy: 1520s, "mistress of a household, housewife," deformed contraction of Middle English husewif (see housewife). Evidence of the shortening of the two vowels is throughout Middle English. Traditionally pronounced "huzzy," in 20c. the pronunciation shifted to match the spelling. The sense gradually broadened colloquially to mean "any woman or girl." By 1650 the word was especially applied
to "a woman or girl who shows casual or improper behavior" (short for pert hussy, etc.), and it had lost all but its derogatory sense by mid-18c. Pen: late 13c., penne, "writing implement made from the hard, hollow stem at the base of a feather," from Old French pene "quill pen; feather" (12c.) and directly from Latin penna "a feather, plume," in plural "a wing," in Late Latin, "a pen for writing Review of terms and concepts: #1: The meaningful units of language are called... morphemes #3: How many morphemes are in the word schoolhouses... 3 #4: In schoolhouses, school is a... free morpheme, free morpheme, bound morpheme #5: Derivational morphemes can serve two functions... change part of speech, change meaning #6: What do inflectional morphemes do?... they serve grammatical functions such as marking plurality, possession, progression, time, and so on. #9: Variations of a morpheme are called... allomorphs #12: Are pronouns an open or closed class... closed End-of-chapter exercises: #2: The following data are from Cebuano... In- is added after the first sound #3 a-d: What process was used to create each of the following words... a.
Clipping b.
Derivation c.
Acronym d.
compounding
Also answer these questions from the lecture and Everett book: 1. Why does Daniel Everett think that Pirahã must have come from another area? The Piraha language is not demonstratively related to any living language, including those that migrated from Mexico, but is more closely related to the now extinct, Mura. 2. What is the term for the native people and language of the Mariana Islands? Chamorro 3. What is unique about the way things are counted in the Pohnpeian language? There are many different systems depending on the type of thing being counted.
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