Earthquake Location - Intensity Determination VB S21 AC UPD 2 (2)

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Sinclair Community College *

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Electrical Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Page 1 of 6 NAME _Eman Alsaab____________________________ 1/21 Ver B Earthquake Location & Intensity GLG 1101 – 20 pts The purpose of this assignment is to help you to understand how earthquake location and intensity are determined using seismograms. Below is a sample seismogram. On the seismogram you can see important information about the seismic waves that were produced when an earthquake occurred. Use your Chapter 10 instructional lessons and/or textbook to help you understand these concepts . VIEW this video to help determine the basic information needed to complete this assignment: How to Read a Seismogram 1) According to the seismogram, the seismic body waves that travel fastest and arrive at the seismometer first are called _____P-wave________________. (1 pt) 2) The _________S-P Interval___________ is the difference in the arrival time between the faster body wave and the slower body wave as shown on the seismogram above. (1 pt) 3) On the sample seismogram above, the difference in the arrival time between the two types of seismic waves is ____Amplitude_________ (how many) seconds? (1 pt.) Note that time 0 is when the first body wave arrives and that the time is measured along the bottom axis. The difference in the arrival times of the two types of body waves can be used to determine the distance of the seismometer from the epicenter of the earthquake. The farther apart the arrival time of the two types of waves, the farther the location is from the epicenter. The problem is that, although you can determine the distance, you don’t know what direction the seismic waves came from. To determine the epicenter location using the triangulation method, you need to have data from at least three seismometer locations. Watch the following short video to see how the triangulation method works. Triangulation of Earthquake Epicenter PART 1: On the following page you will see three seismograms. Using the seismograms and the S-P Time/Distance Graph that follows, enter the correct data in Data Table 1 on page 3. Determine the S-P Interval from each seismogram and use that information with the S-P graph on page 3 to determine the distance from each seismometer location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Fresno, CA © 2020 Sinclair Community College. This educational work is protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Sharing of this work in any form will be considered in violation of the DMCA. See SCC Academic Integrity Policy for consequences of violation. 1/24/2024

Page 2 of 6 NAME _Eman Alsaab____________________________ 1/21 Ver B Las Vegas, NV Phoenix, AZ © 2020 Sinclair Community College. This educational work is protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Sharing of this work in any form will be considered in violation of the DMCA. See SCC Academic Integrity Policy for consequences of violation. 1/24/2024

Page 3 of 6 NAME _Eman Alsaab____________________________ 1/21 Ver B Data Table 1: (6 pts) Seismic Station S-P Interval (Seconds) Distance to Epicenter (kilometers) Fresno, CA 49 500 Las Vegas, NV 64 720 Phoenix, AZ 72 640 4) Using the information you have gathered in Data Table 1 and the map below, choose which city on the map is closest to the epicenter of the earthquake? Put an X on the blank for the closest city. (1 pt.) You will have to use the map scale in the bottom left corner of the map to measure distances. _____ Boise, ID ___49__ Los Angeles, CA ___64__ Las Vegas, NV __72___ Phoenix, AZ ____56_ San Francisco, CA © 2020 Sinclair Community College. This educational work is protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Sharing of this work in any form will be considered in violation of the DMCA. See SCC Academic Integrity Policy for consequences of violation. 1/24/2024

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Page 4 of 6 NAME _Eman Alsaab____________________________ 1/21 Ver B PART 2: To determine the Richter Magnitude for the earthquake represented in this exercise, you will use the same three seismograms AND the data you have already gathered on the epicentral distance from each location. Copy the “Distance to Epicenter” data from Data Table 1 into Data Table 2. You will then record the amplitude of the strongest seismic wave and enter it into the table. Note that amplitude is measured on the right side of each seismogram. Using those two pieces of data and the nomogram posted on page 5, you will determine the Richter magnitude for the earthquake represented in this exercise. Watch the following short video to understand how this process works. While the video shows only one seismogram, you will use all three to verify the Richter Magnitude measurement. All three lines should intersect at the same magnitude if you have interpreted the seismograms correctly. Determining Richter Magnitude Data Table 2: (3 pts.) Seismic Station Distance to Epicenter (kilometers) From Data Table 1 Amplitude of Strongest Wave (millimeters) Fresno, CA 500 280 Las Vegas, NV 640 100 Phoenix, AZ 720 60 © 2020 Sinclair Community College. This educational work is protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Sharing of this work in any form will be considered in violation of the DMCA. See SCC Academic Integrity Policy for consequences of violation. 1/24/2024

Page 5 of 6 NAME _Eman Alsaab____________________________ 1/21 Ver B 5) Based on the information you have gathered, what is the approximate Richter Magnitude using the nomogram above for the earthquake represented in this exercise? (1 pt.) A nomogram will help us to determine the magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake. The nomogram on the right gives the magnitude based in the Ritcher scale. 6) The earthquake represented in this activity occurred in 1994. What was the specific name given to that earthquake? ( Hint: Use location and year to search. It was named after a city .) (1 pt.) Northridge earthquake of 1994, earthquake that struck the densely populated San Fernando Valley in southern California, U.S. 7: What was the specific geographic location of the epicenter and official magnitude of the earthquake? (2 pts.) The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the hypocenter (or focus), point in the crust where a seismic rupture begins 8) On what specific type of fault did the earthquake occur? (1 pt.) © 2020 Sinclair Community College. This educational work is protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Sharing of this work in any form will be considered in violation of the DMCA. See SCC Academic Integrity Policy for consequences of violation. 1/24/2024

Page 6 of 6 NAME _Eman Alsaab____________________________ 1/21 Ver B 9) Simply from looking at the three seismograms, explain two different ways that you can tell which of the three locations was closest to the actual epicenter. (2 pts) © 2020 Sinclair Community College. This educational work is protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998. Sharing of this work in any form will be considered in violation of the DMCA. See SCC Academic Integrity Policy for consequences of violation. 1/24/2024

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