Final Assignment 9

Assignment Nine: Using a t-test to calculate statistical significance of the difference between two means (an independent variable with two categories) where the dependent variable is an interval/ratio variable Part I: Use APA style and formatting for all assignments, references, and citations. Yes, have a cover page, too, as well as a running head. Try Purdue Owl for an example APA style paper: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/ 1. For this analysis you get to use pincp variable with sex. We use pincp instead of our categorical income variable inccat because we need to have a dependent variable that is interval/ratio for the independent-samples t-test analysis. 2. Which is your independent and which is your dependent variable? Independent: SEX Dependent: PINCP 3. Follow the directions in your text for demonstration 15.2 but use pincp and sex. Make sure to turn on your weight variable. The weight variable is “pwgtp.” 4. Copy and paste your output tables that look like the “Group Statistics” table in your text on pages 283. Group Statistics SEX N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean PINCP Male 7459984 79172.53 88838.716 32.526 Female 5121421 62270.56 61988.061 27.391 5. What are the mean incomes for women and men in your sample? Women: $62,270.56 Men: $79,172.53 6. Using the standard deviation report the income range for 66 percent of the males and females in your sample. You have to go back to past assignments to find the calculation for this answer … This is quite a range isn’t it? We definitely have some outliers here. 7. What is the difference between to the two means? Or, phrased another way, how much more, on average, do men earn than women? On average, men earn approximately $16,901.97 more than women in this sample. 8. And, what percentage of me n’s mean income do women earn? This percentage is the gender pay gap for full-time year-round workers in California. Hint: you will divide women’s mean income by men’s mean income to tell you the percentage of men’s incomes women earn. Women's mean income is approximately 78.64% of men's mean income, indicating a gender pay gap of around 21.36% for full-time year-round workers in California in this sample.

9. Paste the “Independent Samples Test” table below. If it won’t fit on the page, then right click on the upper left corner, click “Autofit,” and then “Autofit to Window.” Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means F Si g. t df Significa nce Mean Differe nce Std. Error Differe nce 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference On e- Sid ed p Tw o- Sid ed p Lower Upper PIN CP Equal varian ces assu med 197236 .117 .0 00 372. 745 1258140 3 .00 0 .00 0 16901. 962 45.34 5 16813. 088 16990. 835 Equal varian ces not assu med 397. 475 1257818 1.175 .00 0 .00 0 16901. 962 42.52 3 16818. 617 16985. 306 10. Your text doesn’t help much with telling you the conventional level of significance you are using to evaluate the t-test. We are using p<.05 to discuss whether or not a value is significant. 11. Your text doesn’t help much on how to interpret the table above. Please use these links to help you answer the next questions about the table: http://statistics-help-for- students.com/How_do_I_interpret_data_in_SPSS_for_an_independent_samples_T_test.htm#. WspKhojwbIU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quZAwDmcEbE