3 Socials Homework

pdf

School

Simon Fraser University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

100

Subject

Economics

Date

Jan 9, 2024

Type

pdf

Pages

Uploaded by MajorRainHornet28

Should Canada Link Foreign Aid to Human Rights? 1. Should the government give aid to countries whose governments have poor human rights records? Yes No - Every country has different interpretations of people’s rights (people should be allowed to follow their own cultures’ understandings) - Needs should be separate with rights (for ex: water, food, shelter, medicine, education are all needs, not rights) - Not addressing the issues in other countries can lead to bigger issues later on - The most effective way to change the actions of these governments is to deny them aid - There is no guarantee that the aid will reach the people who need it (the leaders of the country+rich might pocket it) 2. I support the side for providing aid for several reasons. To begin, I agree with the statement that needs should be separated with rights in developing countries. Access to basic resources, such as water and food, that make life liveable should be available to all, without it being considered a privilege. I believe that not addressing the main causes of problems in the developing countries, such as poverty, lack of education, and overworking, means that developed countries are asking for trouble later on. Finally, because that the “developed” countries are where they are today with help from the developing countries, it would be fair and responsible that they return the favour. 3. b) I believe that it would be extremely difficult to implement these rights in many countries of the developing world. It is very easy to say that everyone in the world deserve and should have access to clean water, educational facilities, freedom of protection, and much more. However, in reality, it would take a lot of time, money, patience and effort to create change. Creating a list of rights is a start, but if they are not implemented, there is no use for it.

4. Dear Minister of International Cooperation, I am a sixteen-year-old student writing to you regarding precautions I would advise your ministry to take that will ensure Canada’s development aid reaches the poor people it is intended to. Foremost, instead of simply sending over money to governments that have a history of keeping it for themselves and not using it for better reasons, make it slightly more difficult for them to do so by sending aid in other forms, such as basic medical supplies or tools. Secondly, I would advise that the government put more emphasis on the NGOs around the world that are responsible for much of the aid provided to developing countries. Finally, instead of bandaging problems constantly, Canada can work to ensure that some problems get fixed for good, by the countries’ own people. In developing countries, experts from a variety of fields can contribute tools that can assist them in overcoming simple problems. In conclusion, much can be done to help Canada’s development aid reach the people it should. My sincere thanks go out to you for reading this letter, I hope that some insight was gained. Sincerely, Iris Chan 5. As part of the solution to the water crisis facing Indigenous citizens, the Canadian government should devote more time, energy, and resources to this problem, while at the same time not neglecting people seeking assistance in other parts of the world June 14, 2022 Living Standards: Chapter Review 1. What is the difference between GDP and GNP? GDP measures the goods and services produced within the country's borders, by both domestic and international residents. GNP measures the goods and services produced only by the country's citizens, worldwide. 2. What are structural adjustment programs? Structural adjustment programs are measures that loaner governments often force HIPCs to implement that end up restructuring economies. 3. Provide examples of debt burdened governments and how it prevents them from looking after the people. Zambia, Guinea, Bissau, Eritrea, Ghana, Kenya, Sierra Leona. When a government has a lot of debt to pay off, it diverts tax money away from more constructive causes, such as infrastructure or social programs. Kenya has problems with electricity and running water due to high medical costs from the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

4. How is the HIPC program meant to help the poorest developing countries? HIPC countries are able to provide more goods and services to their citizens by reducing their debt. By reducing their debt, these countries help their citizens to be more comfortable and relieved. The HIPC agreement was meant to cancel about $111 billion dollars of debt for HIPCS. 5. Explain why women and children are more likely than men to face hardships in developing countries. In these countries, men tend to receive a better diet and spend more time getting educated or working. Thus, they are better prepared to take care of themselves as opposed to women and children. Women may have to eat last. Cultural or religious standards may also prevent women from getting a job or education. 6. What is the relationship between female literacy and reduced birth rates? The relationship between female literacy and reduced birth rates is that female literacy increases as birth rates decrease. The reason for this is that the fewer people born, the easier it is to manage them. They may feel more secure in the lives of their baby, along with other connected factors such as food, health, wealth and education. 7. Give 3 reasons why the literacy rate for women is lower in developing countries than that of men. Women are expected to stay home and take care of the family, so families don't see a need for them to go to school in the first place. In addition, the lack of equality laws and the increased hardships that women face make it much harder for them to stay in school or find the time to learn by themselves. Cultures that promote women to marry young may also prevent them to go to school. Some male dominated societies also just see women as less than, leaving them to do other jobs rather than getting an education. 8. Identify 5 abuses of children in the developing world. 5 abuses of children in the developing world include but are not limited to: child forced to become child soldiers, child labour, becoming enslaved in the sex trade, risk of disease, and famines. 9. Make a list of the top 3 priorities Canada should follow in distributing aid to foreign countries. - The country's human rights record - Corruption levels in the country's government - Proof that the government is capable of handling financial aid and using it effectively 10. How do living standards in Canada compare with those of developing countries, and what is being done to close the gap of poverty and improve human development around the world?

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Comparatively, to developing countries, the life standards in Canada are excellent for most people. Clean water, basic health care, and other amenities are available to nearly all Canadian citizens. Countries around the world, as well as the UN, have come up with and are implementing various programs aimed at improving human development standards and forgiving debt. Vocab: Define the following GDP: Gross Domestic Product. Quantifies how much a country produces domestically. HIPCs: Heavily indebted poor countries IMF: International Monetary Fund. Provides loans to countries that need it. UNICEF: United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, a subsidiary of the UN responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid and relief to children around the world. WHO: World Health Organization. UN organization that leads global health responses. UNAIDS: Another subsidiary of the UN, meant to help streamline efforts from UNICEF, UNESCO, WHO, and the World Bank. It helps countries give response to HIV/AIDS outbreaks, and educates people to limit transmission. CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency. Administers Canadian foreign aid programs. NGOs: Non-governmental organizations, or organizations that operate without government funding. Examples include OXFAM, Medicine Sans Frontiers, and Amnesty International. Human Development Index: HDI. Ranks countries into tiers of human development by measuring life expectancy, education, and per capita income. Infrastructure: The basic physical structures and facilities (buildings, roads, hospitals) needed for the operation of a society. Developed countries: Developed countries have high GDPs and per capita income. They have a sophisticated economy, infrastructure, and service sectors. Developing countries: Developing countries have low GDPs and per capita income. They often have underdeveloped economies, infrastructure, and service sectors. Structural adjustment programs: Measures that loaner governments often force HIPCs to take to restructure economies. For example, debtor governments often must agree to encourage

foreign investment from loaner countries, grow crops for export, or allow government services to be run by private companies. Multinational companies: Companies that operate in two or more countries. They are managed from their home countries, but have offices overseas/borders. Bilateral aid: When a government directly transfers money to another recipient government. It is often also classified as tied aid, as the aiding government asks for something in exchange. Pandemic: A disease that is prevalent over a country, several countries, or the world. Multilateral aid: When multiple governments financially contribute to the same foreign aid program, often through the UN. Tied aid: Lending governments attach conditions to aid being given to other countries (ex: lending country makes the borrower buy goods from the lender in the future) June 16, 2022 Textbook Questions Page: 365 5. The United Nations, IMF, World Bank, and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have set a goal of cutting extreme poverty in half by 2015. What steps do you think should be taken to achieve this aim by: a) These world financial institutions? - Considering dropping the interest rate and debt for developing countries (or reducing the debt entirely) - Convert money being used for aid into something more useful to the people - Making sure countries make use of loans given properly (for the people) b) The developing countries? - Put more money/time/resources into efforts that will give back to them (putting more money into other economic properties) - Work with the people to develop services and policies that work best for them - Take more ownership of natural resources and other sources of income c) Canada? - Provide more support to NGOs - Provide aid/help countries not already underneath the poverty line (approaching it)

6. The government can invest in education and infrastructure. They can also work on laws in male dominated societies, promoting gender equality. They can improve hunger. 7. Local development projects create more empowerment to the people - When people have the opportunity to take part in something small but meaningful, they have a sense of accomplishment rather than being handed assistance. Local development projects are more easily sustainable. - Less time-consuming, easier to organize - Can be replicated elsewhere in a country - Can be adapted to suit certain areas/needs - Provides opportunities to pull people out of poverty - Many women are able to care for their children better, improve living conditions, and some can even break the cycle of poverty 8. Criteria Why it matters Sending aid to countries that will actually implement it Sending tools/resources that can be used/repurposed instead of money (to improve conditions permanently) - Ensures that the aid is actually being used - Sets an example for other countries (corrupt gov’ts) Immediate priority - People who have been directly affected will need aid the most Sending tools/resources that can be used/repurposed instead of money (to improve conditions permanently) - Allowing them to solve their own problems - They can gain returns on what they produce - Allows them to remake them specific to their own needs 9. I believe that not even 10% is needed to provide basic services to everyone in the developing world. By spending more on services, the need for protection is reduced, as they

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

will be able to protect themselves. By spending more money on improving conditions in developing countries, fewer refugees will be produced, and developed countries will not have such a heavy flow of immigration. The money can be used to solve many other issues as well. June 17, 2022 Offshore Farms: Food For Whom? 1. Do you think the benefits of offshore farming outweigh the drawbacks for the poor country? I do not think the benefits of offshore farming outweigh the drawbacks. Although offshore farming has many advantages such as, they provide renewable energy; they do not consume water; they provide a domestic energy source; they create jobs; and they do not emit environmental pollutants or greenhouse gases, these would only apply to developing countries The cost of offshore farming is very high. Without help from the government, it is impossible. People are further sucked into poverty when they receive assistance from others, as they do not have resources to help themselves. 2. Japan, which owns offshore farms, has suggested that there should be an international code of conduct for foreign farmland deals. What three protections for poor countries would you put in such a code? - Not allowing the use of harmful pesticides or other products that would cause damage. - Possibly giving a small profit to the farmers for a small start, then everyone else will benefit from this. 3. Canada has vast amounts of farmland, but foreign ownership rules prevent other countries from buying the land. List some reasons for and against selling Canada’s land to other countries. For Against - There is more economic diversity in the country - Land is being put to use - Goods and services, and indirectly to those providing supporting activities to the producers of Canadian exports. - May take away opportunities from Canadians - Canada will be losing out on profit - Other countries may use harmful products on the land that Canada is against June 20th 2022

Carbon Capture - A Weapon in Our Battle Against Climate Change 1. What was the concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere before the Industrial Revolution? 280ppm 2. What is the current concentration of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere? 418 ppm 3. How and why did this increase occur? It occurred due to the use of industrial technology that requires the burning of fossil fuels, which release CO2 into the atmosphere. 4. Explain what carbon capture is. As a method to combat climate change, carbon capture removes carbon from the environment or atmosphere and repurposes it. A carbon capture process either involves stripping it from smokestack emissions or capturing it directly from the air, then injecting it underground or converting it into other products. 5. Identify and describe the two methods usually used to capture carbon. A solid carbonate mineral is formed when CO2 from the atmosphere reacts with magnesium-rich rocks. Another method is stripping carbon from smokestack emissions in industrial operations, mixing it with water, and injecting it deep underground. 6. Which company won a prize for developing an innovative carbon capture technology? How big was the prize? Carbon Minerals won a million dollar prize for developing an innovative carbon capture technology. 7. Describe the new carbon mineralization technology that this company developed. During the formation of solid carbonate minerals, CO2 from the atmosphere reacts with magnesium-rich rocks. As a result, the CO2 is permanently grounded and mining waste (crushed magnesium-rich rocks) is used as a fuel source. 8. Identify at least two problems associated with this method of carbon mineralization. It will take massive amounts of rock to capture carbon during natural mineralization, and it is a slow process. Consequently, more mining will take place, as leftover rock is necessary for mineralization. Change is difficult. Whenever a new idea is proposed to address an existing concern, there will be people in favor of and people opposed to that idea. Considering the details of carbon capture technology presented in the article, complete the chart below to reflect the perspective(s) of each group that may be impacted by this new technology.

Stakeholder Perspective/considerations Oil and gas companies This enables them to invest in carbon capture instead of shutting down. Mining companies Will have more opportunities open up for them as more rock will be needed, may resort to cheaper/more environmentally destructive ways to mine rock/ore Carbon capture companies As their own capturing technology is now out of date, some may view this as a negative, while others may see it as an opportunity to take advantage of the new technology to attract new people. Environmentalists Environmentalists will find this a good alternative to other methods against climate change, but may worry about the increased mining to be done or the speed of the process. Governments Governments will have to take the time to analyze this new technology and decide how and if it should be enforced in companies. International organizations International organizations will want to invest more money into it to see where it goes and how well it works in the coming years. Car manufacturers As more environmentally friendly laws are enacted, and gas prices rise, fuel efficiency is becoming a very important trait when customers are choosing a car to buy. May also feel like putting in similar technology into their higher end cars to promote the environment. Car owners May feel more environmentally conscious when it comes to buying a car and may try to choose a car that does not have extreme emissions. After gathering and considering the above information, I believe that carbon capture technology is/is not (pick one) an important investment in the battle against climate change because… I believe that carbon capture is an important investment in the battle against climate change for several reasons. People still rely on their emission-heavy equipment such as their cars and

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

fossil fuels, therefore it’s important that a solution must be implemented. Carbon capture seems to be the best way to remove carbon directly from the air, as we are unable to prevent the flow of it into the air. With technology and research, carbon capture has potential for plenty of improvement. As time goes by, carbon capture technology will improve and will be able to remove carbon from the atmosphere more effectively. 1. The article shares that “over 400 academics have written a letter to the federal government cautioning against subsidizing the fossil fuel industry for expensive carbon capture technology.” As you see it, why might so many academics be against these subsidies? Give reasons to support your response. These academics contend that the fossil fuel industry is already massively profitable and does not require government assistance. So instead, we should invest in greener technology that will make the use of carbon capture almost obsolete. Another argument is that investing in carbon capture simply postpones the real issue. 2. Many climate experts agree no one solution will solve the problem of climate change. List as many solutions as you can to combat climate change. Which of these do you believe will have the biggest impact on our future? - Dress climate smart. Don’t shop at fast fashion companies. Shop locally. - Eat more plant based meals. - Invest in renewable energy, solar or wind power - Switch to sustainable transport, walk or cycle I believe investing in renewable energy will have the biggest impact on our future. 3. In fall of 2021 at the COP26 Climate Change Conference, United-Nations Secretary General Anthony Guterres referred to the conference as “the world’s best last chance to get runaway climate under control.” How might carbon capture technology support the goals of COP26? How can member nations support each other to maximize the use of this technology? - Carbon capture technology is being described as a necessary measure to achieve many emission goals around the world. Carbon capture can help offset those emissions and achieve a true net-zero economy. In addition, carbon capture can reverse some damage already done to our atmosphere. 4. Learn more about how carbon capture technology works: 5. Describe one idea you found interesting and explain why. This means we could potentially block excess CO2 from entering the atmosphere. 6. Hear Dr. Gregory Dipple, UBC Professor and Chief Scientific Officer at Carbin Minerals Inc., explain the process of carbon mineralization: https://www.yout-ube.com/watch?v=yxUG7Hh3kpU [2:15] https://www.yout-ube.com/watch?v=jYtqYZs1pgACanadian [1:05] What questions or concerns do you have about this process? The amount of rock needed to react with the carbon in the air could possibly be harmful to the environment because it must be mined.

7. Visit the UBC CarbMin lab official site to learn more about the group's projects and how it is collaborating with the local community and stakeholders to advance its research. 8. How is the Canadian government investing in carbon capture technology?: Various initiatives in Alberta and Saskatchewan, and cooperation with major corporations such as Shell Canada. 9. Learn more about a carbon capture plant that uses "direct air capture" to remove carbon from the atmosphere: https://www.yout-ubc.com/watch?v=XHX9pmQ6m_s [14:43] How does this process differ from carbon mineralization? In contrast to carbon capture, carbon mineralization captures carbon after it has already been released into the atmosphere. Also, carbon capture is mostly near factories and smokestacks, whereas mineralization can happen in other areas. 10. Visit the world's largest carbon capture plant in Iceland: https://mvw.yout-ube.com/watch?v=7nDZg5MzHAY [2:46] What is the purpose of this infographic? Informing people that there have been advancements in carbon capture technology and that it is one of the viable solutions to climate change. It visually explains how the different methods work. Who is the intended audience? The general public, anyone who wants to know how this technology works. What information is new or interesting? - Carbon can be mineralized permanently - Trapping CO2 directly from power stations costs 24x less than capturing it from the air later What information is significant and important? - The cost of both processes - The different ways that each process takes place - The position of each piece of equipment What features are used to clarify the message? - Visuals that are easy to understand - Bolded keywords - "before and after" image How does the information presented enhance your understanding? - Use of diagrams helps clear up any misunderstandings - Clear explanations are simple and easy to understand What questions do you still have about the topic presented?

Which element found in rocks naturally absorbs CO2 gas? b) magnesium The prize-winning carbon capture process developed by Carbon Minerals is called: c) carbon mineralization Canada's goal is to have net-zero carbon emissions by: c) 2050 True or False? CO2 levels in the atmosphere have more than doubled since the Industrial Revolution. True True or False? Tree planting can combat climate change on its own. False Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is measured in ppm: parts per million Most carbon capture projects are located in the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan Overall, are you more in favour of or more opposed to investments in carbon capture technology? Give reasons to support your response. I support investing in carbon capture technology. It's a good option for companies that can't find a green alternative to the technology they're using. Carbon capture also demonstrates that there is always a way to reduce carbon emissions. The government should not subsidize costs when the companies causing the most environmental damage profit.

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

3 Socials Homework

Related Documents