Bilingualism Multilingualism

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Feb 20, 2024

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2 Memory Loss Case Studies Assignment Memory Loss Case Studies Assignment CASE STUDY: 4135 Name: Candy Canner Age: 46 Condition: Short-Term Memory Loss Background: I have been seeing a 46-year-old female who is married with three grown children and teaches Food preservation classes helping people learn how to safely and effectively use a pressure cooker to can and preserve food in the proper way so that not only are they safe while doing it but also so that the food is properly preserved without becoming contaminated with food diseases such as e coli or botulism. She has been teaching these courses at the local high school home economics for 19 years and at the local community college during the summer months for 8 years. It is a passion of hers and she is very knowledgeable and skilled at making it easy to understand and follow the instructions even for novices who have never even touched a pot or pan before to finish her classes knowing something that is considered to be a dying art, not many people preserve food anymore. What her concern is that she has brought to my attention is that she still can recall all her knowledge about canning but she can't seem to remember while teaching the class whether she has already shared a certain step or not, and in a class, she taught yesterday she ended up repeating the same step 3 times. Not only was it embarrassing to her but it made her look incompetent. She also mentioned that lately she can drive to work or drive home and when she is pulling in to park, she doesn't even remember getting into the car let alone the trip driving to where she ended up and it is starting to scare her. I asked her if she has been under higher stress levels or if anything more life-changing had been going on. She shared that her last child is leaving for school in 5 weeks to go to college and that her oldest child may possibly be going through a divorce. She is very concerned and anxious that she will end up having Alzheimer's Disease since her great aunt had it and she remembered how much that affected everyone in the family. I had her perform a mini-mental status examination (MMSE)

(Cherry, K, 2022). I also gave her some cognitive games to try and strengthen her short-term memory to see if that helps her, if it doesn't seem to be helping them we will move forward with having an fMRI done on her to determine whether it is just some memory loss she is experiencing or is it the beginning stages of Alzheimer's Disease. (NIH, 2010). Depending on what that shows we will come up with a care plan based on those results. The short-term memory is part of the limbic system of the brain it is located in the lower part of the frontal temporal lobe and records things going on in that area temporarily before our brain decides if it is something of enough significance or importance to move it into our long-term memory of the hippocampus. (Freberg, L.A., 2019). I will have her continue to work on cognitive training of keeping her brain learning and testing her brain to keep the plasticity of her neurons firing. (Cherry, K., 2022). If the results show that it is the early stages of Alzheimer's there are a few medications called Galantamine, Donepezil, and Rivastigmine, that we can try to get her started on to help prolong the disease from progressing so quickly. (Cherry, K., 2022). 3 Memory Loss Case Studies Assignment CASE STUDY: 5148 Name: Freddy For Lorn Age: 61 Condition: Retrograde Amnesia Background: I have been seeing a 61-year-old male who is married with 1 daughter and 1 grandson he is suffering from retrograde amnesia. He plays on a senior softball team and has for the last 11 years. 2 months ago, he was hit in the head by a fly ball causing him to fall down and hit his head and ended up going to the hospital to get 4 stitches. So not only was his head impacted by the fast-moving ball but also on impact when he fell to the ground. Since that time Freddy hasn't been able to remember anything that happened before this incident. (Jividen, S., 2021). He doesn't remember getting married to his wife 38

years ago and doesn't remember his 33-year-old daughter whom he has always been close to and his 11-year-old grandson whom he was practically inseparable from since he was born. They do most everything together and now after this incident he doesn’t remember any of them and it has been so hard on his entire family. I ordered some blood tests to check his thyroid levels and any nutritional deficiencies and I also orders a CT scan to be done on him to see exactly what may be going on in his brain. We are still awaiting the results of both of those. (healthline.com, 2022). We are all hoping that this is temporary and that his memories will come back quickly for him. Some people the memories can come back all at once, or a little at a time over time and some it takes years to come back and some never regain those memories and have to start making new memories from here on. We are holding out hope for Freddy that his come back sooner than later especially for his grandson's sake. In the meantime, we will begin Freddy on psychotherapy to hopefully help speed up the process of him regaining his past memories so he can continue on with his life with his wife, daughter and grandson. (healthline.com, 2022) 4 Memory Loss Case Studies Assignment References Cherry, K. (2022, April 12). Put Your Short-Term Memory Loss To The Test. verywellmind.com. Retrieved from: https://www.verywellmind.com/gender-and-memory-psychology-experiment- 2795662#:~:text=The%20MMSE%20is%20a%20quick,%2C%20language%2C%20and %20motor %20skills. Oghabian, M.A., Batouli, S.A.H., Norousian, M., Ziaei, M., Sikaroodi, H. (2010, March, April). Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to differentiate between healthy aging subjects, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's patients. National Library of Medicine. NIH. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3082789/

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Freberg, L.A. (2019). Discovering behavioral neuroscience (4th ed.). Cengage. Chapter 12: Learning and Memory Jividen, S. (2021, November 30). Retrograde Amnesia: Overview and More. verywellhealth.com. Retrieved from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/retrograde-amnesia-overview-and-more-5207577 Healthline.com. (2022). What is Retrograde Amnesia and How Is It Treated? Healthline. Retrieved from: https://www.healthline.com/health/retrograde-amnesia        Crisbel Angeles Disla  Unit 5 Assignment Forum: Neurobiology of Language Disorders and other  Conditions  Topic Chosen: Bilingualism/Multilingualism  Psychology 340 Neuropsychology  Bilingualism/Multilingualism  When referring to multilingualism it is when an individual knows more than one  language. In our society there are many people who speak more than one language. There are a  couple types of multilingualism such as Bilingual knowing 2 languages, Trilingual knowing 3  languages, and Quadrilingual knowing 4 languages.  I am bilingual my primary language is Spanish and at age six I was introduced to English  at school. In school I spoke English and at home with my family I spoke in Spanish because they  didn’t know English. Since I was little, I have been translating for my family or anyone who only  speaks Spanish, I feel comfortable using both languages.  Individuals that speak multiple languages typically process information across all the  languages that they speak. This allows the brain to be active for longer periods of time,  increasing the executive function. Language affects the Broca’s area, which is located in the left  hemisphere of the brain which works on speech production and articulation. When talking about

 articulation it is when the person who speaks more than one language has the ability to articulate  ideas and use words accurately in spoken and written language.  There was a study done that’s its purpose was to identify and describe dual language  profiles in school age Spanish-English bilingual children designated as English learns by the  school districts. The study was on 847 Spanish speaking English learners from kindergarten to  the third grade. They had the task to retell narrative language samples in English and Spanish.  There were four oral language measures used to determine the results of each. The end results of  all 847 children were divided in four-profile solutions such as average Spanish, low English, low  Spanish average English and two balanced groups as average or high.(American Psychological  Asso., 2022)  In conclusion this study proves how important school districts must take in Resource: Su, P. L., Rojas, R., & Iglesias, A. (2022). Dual Language Profiles in Spanish- Speaking English Learners. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR, 65(7), 2608–2628. https://doi- org.postu.idm.oclc.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00447

Bilingualism Multilingualism

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