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University of Notre Dame *

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310

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Economics

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Feb 20, 2024

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6/19/22, 5:36 PM Aplia: Student Question https://ng.cengage.com/static/nb/ui/evo/index.html?deploymentId=594370205413401683037472468&eISBN=9781337096577&id=1507053691&snap… 1/2 Points: 0 / 1 Close Explanation Points: 1 / 1 Close Explanation Back to Assignment Attempts 2 Keep the Highest 2 / 3 8. Natural monopoly analysis The following graph shows the demand (D) for cable services in the imaginary town of Utilityburg. The graph also shows the marginal revenue (MR) curve, the marginal cost (MC) curve, and the average total cost (ATC) curve for the local cable company, a natural monopolist. On the following graph, use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for this natural monopolist. Explanation: A natural monopolist chooses its quantity of production by setting marginal revenue equal to marginal cost, which, in this case, occurs at a quantity of 8 cable subscriptions. The natural monopolist will then charge the maximum price that it can charge ($60.00), which is the price on the demand curve that corresponds to a quantity of 8 cable subscriptions. Which of the following statements are true about this natural monopoly? Check all that apply. Explanation: Your Answer Monopoly Outcome 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 PRICE (Dollars per subscription) QUANTITY (Number of subscriptions) D MR MC ATC Correct Answer It is more efficient on the cost side for one producer to exist in this market rather than a large number of producers. The cable company must own a scarce resource. The cable company is experiencing diseconomies of scale. The cable company is experiencing economies of scale.
6/19/22, 5:36 PM Aplia: Student Question https://ng.cengage.com/static/nb/ui/evo/index.html?deploymentId=594370205413401683037472468&eISBN=9781337096577&id=1507053691&snap… 2/2 Points: 1 / 1 Close Explanation Try Another Version Continue In the case of a natural monopoly, a single firm can produce the entire market output more efficiently than if two or more companies each produced a fraction of total output. The average total cost curve on the graph shows that as the size of the one firm increases, its average total cost decreases. This means the firm is experiencing economies of scale . Therefore, the costs of production are such that a single producer can produce the output more cheaply than if a larger number of firms each produced a smaller portion of the output. This acts as a natural barrier to entry in this market. True or False: Without government regulation, natural monopolies can earn positive profit in the long run. Explanation: Profit is equal to total revenue minus total cost: Without government regulation, a natural monopoly maximizes profit by producing the quantity at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost, and then charging the price that consumers are willing to pay to consume that quantity. Because of the barriers to entry in this market, it is more efficient on the cost side for one producer to exist in this market rather than a large number of producers. Therefore, there is nothing restricting a natural monopoly from earning positive, zero, or negative profit in the short run; rather, this simply depends on its cost structure. As for the long run, a natural monopoly will earn either zero profit or positive profit; if it were earning negative profit, it would exit the industry. True False
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