LING 3P71 Problem Set 3

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Apr 3, 2024

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Problem Set 3 ( /44) 1. General Problem Set 5 (Malagasy Parameter Settings) in Chapter 6 of your textbook (p. 203). Explain how you figured out each parameter setting, i.e., refer to the examples provided for each parameter setting. Make sure to answer all questions asked. Then, draw the tree for (a) using your parameter settings. – 20 points 1. Complement: X’ -> X (YP) Example B: bought rice the woman 2. Adjunct: X’ -> X’ (ZP) Example A: bought the rice for the children 3. Specifier: XP -> X’ (YP) Example A: bought the rice for the children the woman 4. Specifier: XP -> (YP) X’ 5. There might be a contradiction because determiners may not actually be specifiers in Malagasy as instructed to do so in question 3. 2. Identify the type of NP of each of the following phrases: -6 points a. me (as in She bought me a present for my birthday) - This is a pronoun. b. Albert Einstein - This is an R-expression because it refers to a person in the real world.
c. the cupcake - This is an R-expression because it refers to something in the world (the cupcake). d. yourselves (as in Help yourselves) - This is an anaphor because it gets meaning from other NP’s in a sentence and not from context. e. itself (as in The car started by itself) - This is pronoun because the meaning comes from another NP (the car) but does not need to. f. her (as in her laptop) - This is a pronoun because it refers to something in the world but does not have to be from the sentence. 3. General Problem Set 2 (C-command and Binding) in Chapter 5 of your textbook. Remember that binding requires BOTH co-indexation AND c-command. Sketching out the trees should be sufficient to determine whether there is binding in the sentences. If there is binding, explain which NP binds the other and why. If there is no binding, explain why. -10 points a) There is no binding relationship between the NP’s because although [the president] and [her] are co-indexed, the antecedent [the president] does not c-command the pronoun [her]. b) There is not a binding relationship between the bolded NPs. Although [The book about [the president]i ]k c-commands [her]i, they are not co-indexed as the antecedent is indexed k and the pronoun is indexed i. c) There is a binding relationship between the bolded NPs as they are co-indexed and the antecedent [The book about [the president]i ]k c-commands the anaphor [itself]k. The binder is [The book about [the president]i ]k because it is the antecedent and c-commands the bindee [itself]k. d) There is no binding relationship because although the bolded NPs are coindexed, the antecedent does not c-command his. e) There is no binding relationship as both the bolded NPs are not coindexed. 4 . Challenge Problem Set 4 (Japanese) in Chapter 5 of your textbook (p. 155). Answer all three questions asked. Assume that CP (complementizer phrase) introduces a new clause. - 8 points Question 1: Zibunzisin is an anaphor because Principle A says that an anaphor must be bound within its binding domain, which it is as it is bound to Tarooga (co-indexed and c- commanded). As well, Principle B says that a pronoun needs to be free in its binding domain but since the antecedent Tarooga ends with the -ga suffice, it then c-commands zibunzisino because it ends with the suffix -o. Question 2: Given the new evidence, the previous hypothesis needs to now be revised as zibunzisin is no longer an anaphor. Zibunzisin is now a pronoun because it is now free in its binding domain.
Question 3: Sentence (c) violates binding Principle B because the principle states that a pronoun must be free in its binding domain. Zibunzisisn is bound/ not free because it ends with the -ga suffix and c-commands Tarooo, ending with the -o suffix.
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