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Lab - Observe DNS Resolution Observe the DNS Conversion of a URL to an IP Address Pinging www.icann.org Q. Record the IP addresses for www.icann.org ? Ans. 192.0.47.7 Q. The Base 10 IP address 192.0.32.7 in Base 2 number is 11000000.00000000.00100000.00000111. What happens if you cut and paste these Base 2 numbers into a browser? Ans. The website does not display. The software code used in web browsers recognizes Base 10 numbers. It does not recognize Base 2 numbers.

Ping www.cisco.com Q. When you ping www.cisco.com, do you get the same IP address as the example? Explain Ans. The answer will vary depending on where you are geographically. Cisco hosts its web content on a series of mirror servers. This means that Cisco uploads the same content to geographically diverse (spread out worldwide) servers. When someone tries to reach www.cisco.com, the traffic is directed to the closest mirror server. Q. Type the IP address you obtained when pinged www.cisco.com into a browser. Does the website display? Explain Ans. The Cisco website does not display this. There are at least two possible explanations for this: 1. Some web servers are configured to accept IP addresses sent from a browser and some are not. 2. It may be a firewall rule in the Cisco security system that prohibits an IP address from being sent via a browser. Depending on the Web Browser you can also get a message saying the connection is not secure or there is a certificate error .

Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on a Web Site Q. What is the default DNS server used? Ans. Site Dependent www.cisco.com Q. What is the translated IPv4 address? Ans. 23.34.70.245 Q. Is it the same as the IP address shown with the ping command? Ans. YES Q. Under addresses, in addition to the 172.230.155.162 IP address, there are the following numbers: 2600:1404:a:395::b33 and 2600:1404:a:38e:::b33. What are these? Ans. IPv6 (IP version 6) IP addresses at which the website is reachable.

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Observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on Mail Servers set type=mx Q. The mail server with the lowest MX preference is contacted first. Based upon the output above, which mail server will be contacted first when the email is sent to Cisco.com? Ans. rcdn-mx-01.cisco.com Q. Write the IP addresses of all the DNS servers that your school uses Ans. 192.168.136.1 255.255.255.0 Reflection Question Q. What is the fundamental purpose of DNS? Ans. DNS basically acts like the phonebook for the Internet. So DNS translates names to numbers. The numbers can be either IPv4 or IPv6.

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