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Educational IoT Devices 1 YODAE’s IoT Devices Used in Education Jennifer Christensen IT 423: Computing as a Service Southern New Hampshire University

Educational IoT Devices 2 Introduction: YODAE provides IoT devices to educators with the goal of enhancing the educational experience for administrators, teachers, and students using technology. This paper will explain the benefits and risks of IoT devices, their involvement in the classroom, and the ethical and societal effects of using IoT devices. Technology Overview: An IoT device offered by YODAE is a handheld device for students. This device is a small tablet, comfortable for children to hold. It allows them to connect to their classroom learning environment, reading materials, and assignments. It also allows them to interact with their teacher so every child can be heard by virtually raising their hand with a unique button installed on the device. The handheld device offers a calendar feature where students can input work assignment deadlines or other scheduled activities. The tablet includes a calculator program so students do not need a costly external device. The tablet has everything the student needs preinstalled. YODAE’s development team worked closely with our clients to develop a suite of programs and applications for their students. The tablet is assigned and configured to work for one student, so each student has their own personal device. The school administrators or teachers can set up each device using the student’s unique id number and creating a pin, reenforcing that a child has a specific device. Another IoT device offered by YODAE is a voice-activated Personal Assistant for teachers. This device is a handheld personal device with a camera, speaker, and PA program, like a smartphone. Features include a calendar synched to the school’s schedule, clock and timer, classroom control applications, voice-activation to respond to direct questions, and a lesson plan

Educational IoT Devices 3 creator. The virtual PA device is preinstalled with the applications and programs determined by the development team. There is also access for teachers to install applications preapproved by their school administration. Each teacher has their own secure personal device, configured with their id number and unique pin. Teachers can use these devices to check their classroom calendar, add or remove calendar deadlines, set timers for students during activities, interact with their classroom by turning on/off lights or equipment, respond to students raising their hand virtually, quickly search for information by voice, and access the lesson planner in the cloud. IoT stands for the Internet of Things. It is a now a large network of devices connected to the internet using cloud technology. Cloud technology “makes available to anyone a flexible amount of computing resources under per-use payment methods…The cloud computing model favours the development of large-sized data centres where the resources are optimised through virtualization and efficient management systems. This technology gives the IoT applications the possibility to work in different environments in a very agile way using the same infrastructure” (Gil et al., 2019, 4). Cloud computing allows organizations to create their IT infrastructure without the need of supplying the hardware and software themselves. It is scalable, efficient, and can process large quantities of data. “…cloud computing can store and process data through geographically dispersed and as well as virtual servers” (Malhotra, n.d.). IoT devices generate massive amounts of data which is transferred, processed, and stored using cloud technology over the internet. The rise of IoT devices would not have occurred if not for cloud computing. The data of IoT devices is collected with sensors, speakers, or cameras. The information is then sent across the network to virtual servers of the cloud provider. This connection allows data to be analyzed in real time, creating an almost instantaneous interaction with the IoT user. There are security risks involved with IoT devices unfortunately. Gerber and Kansal describe security

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Educational IoT Devices 4 concerns such as secure constrained devices, authorize and authenticate devices, manage device updates, and ensure data privacy and integrity (2017). IoT devices can not have the same security measures of other technology because they “have limited amounts of storage, memory, and processing capability and they often need to be able to operate on lower power” (Gerber & Kansal, 2017). Proper authorization and authenticate rules help reduce the risk of unknown users accessing IoT devices and the connected network. Software updates pose a problem for IoT devices that have limited storage, may require downtime, or may not even be available. Plus, the security of the data transferred by IoT device is a major risk factor. The architecture of IoT devices consists of three layers – IoT device layer, IoT gateway layer, and IoT platform layer (Marlabs, 2022). The sensors connect to the internet gateway of the cloud provider, the data is processed in the cloud’s datacenter, and sent back to the user. These layers are why cloud computing and IoT devices are intrinsically linked. IoT Architecture: YODAE created an architectural design of IoT devices for a typical classroom. After a review of the proposal, here are some recommendations to increase confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the design.  The storage and web servers should be moved to a secure location on campus, out of the classroom. The servers’ access must be restricted to only authorized personnel. This will protect the confidentiality and integrity of the data because it is inaccessible.  Another router should be added to the classroom. In the proposed design, every IoT device is connected through the same router. This creates a single point of failure if the router were to malfunction. Using a second router would allow another LAN connection so devices could be separated. The teacher’s VPA and computer would be connected

Educational IoT Devices 5 through one router and LAN, while the students’ and classroom devices will be connected through another. This will reduce traffic while increasing integrity and availiabity of the system.  A firewall should be installed between the internet connection and the routers. Without the protection of a firewall, the router could let unwanted traffic through the network to the devices. Using a firewall will increate the confidentially of the data because it is better protected.  The new diagram below shows the changes.

Educational IoT Devices 6 The servers are moved to a secure location Firewall Router

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Educational IoT Devices 7 Ethical and Societal Implications: There are situations to consider before using IoT devices in an educational setting. Because of IoTs’ security concerns, educators need to be sure they can secure their network properly and chose a cloud provider that is stringent with security. The IoT devices will access data like teacher and student’s information, so it is very important that their privacy is protected. This could be an ethical dilemma, especially if not all students want to share their private information to use IoT devices. A positive situation is energy consumption. Many IoT devices use small amounts of power and can be used to control other electrical devices like light switches. Schools are large buildings that could consume lots of power. Utilizing IoT devices can help lower the power consumption of the school overall. It is important for administrators and teachers to determine the best fit for their school and students before installing and using different IoT devices. Conclusion: YODAE’s IoT devices for schools are created with the goal of using the latest technology to further enhance the educational experience for both teachers and students.

Educational IoT Devices 8 References: Gerber, A. & Kansal, S. (2017, November 17). Top 10 IoT security challenges . IBM. https://developer.ibm.com/articles/iot-top-10-iot-security-challenges/ Gil, D., Johnsson, M., Mora, H., Szymański, J., (2019). Review of the Complexity of Managing Big Data of the Internet of Things. Complexity, vol. 2019 (Article ID 4592902), 4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4592902 Malhotra, A., (n.d.). The Relationship Between IoT, Big Data, and Cloud Computing. WhizLabs . https://www.whizlabs.com/blog/relationship-between-iot-big-data-cloud-computing/ Marlabs. (2022). Stages Of “Internet Of Things” Architecture . https://www.marlabs.com/stages- of-internet-of-things-architecture/

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