Copy of Assignment_Internet Dilemmas

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Arizona State University *

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Feb 20, 2024

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Name_______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Individual Assignment - Internet Dilemmas (Adapted from code.org under creative commons license. https://studio.code.org/home) Background You are the Chief Technology Advisor for a candidate running for elected office. Your candidate is relying on you to help inform her about important technological dilemmas and come up with good policy ideas to address them. For this project you’ll investigate a social dilemma related to the Internet and prepare a report summarizing your findings and making a policy recommendation for your candidate. Step 1 - Pick Your Dilemma (1 out of the 3 below) Net Neutrality Internet Censorship The Digital Divide Background: Internet users love services like streaming movies, video chatting, or online gaming. All of this content needs to travel over the Internet, however, and the companies that build and maintain networks are complaining about the increased demands being placed on their networks. Your candidate is hearing more and more about a debate called “net neutrality” and would like a more informed opinion as part of her platform. Background: While the Internet is used to share many useful services and information, there are growing concerns about the way that the Internet can be used to spread damaging information ranging from national secrets to calls for violence. Censoring this information may provide some people with increased security, but potentially risks free speech and the safety of social and political activists. Your candidate would like to have a policy that balances these two concerns in a way that makes sense for our digital age. Background: While technology is increasingly integrated into daily life, there are still many who lack access to the Internet or digital technology. In rural areas there are challenges building networks to connect geographically sparse populations, but even in cities some groups or areas have relatively less access to the Internet or knowledge of how to use it. Your candidate is worried that while technology is bringing social and economic benefits to many, there are others being left behind. Core Question: When and how should internet service providers be allowed to treat some kinds of internet traffic different from others? Core Question: When and how should the government be allowed to censor or block internet traffic, if at all? Core Question: When and how should resources be invested to close gaps between those who do and don’t use the Internet? Impacted Groups ● Internet Service Providers (ISP) ● Internet Content Provider ● Everyday internet Users Impacted Groups ● Everyday internet user ● Intelligence Agencies ● Political activists Impacted Groups ● Those lacking internet access ● Internet Service Providers (ISP) ● Schools and libraries Sources ● "How the end of net neutrality could change the internet" (video): link ● "'Net Neutrality' is ending. Here's how your internet could change" (article): link ● "Wikipedia - Net Neutrality": link Sources ● "Free Speech Or Hate Speech: When Does Online Hate Speech Become A Real Threat?" (audio article): link ● "Internet Censorship Explained" (video): link ● Wikipedia - Internet Censorship: link Sources ● "Eliminating the Digital Divide" (video): link ● "Internet/Broadband Fact Sheet" (article): link ● Wikipedia - the Digital Divide: link

Copy of Assignment:Internet Dilemmas Step 2 - Review the Two-Pager and Rubric Review the two pager template and rubric to make sure you understand what you’ll be responsible for creating for this project and how it’ll be evaluated. You are free to discuss salient issues (and share other internet sources) with your classmates on Inscribe. However, you should complete this assignment on your own and submit. Do not discuss specifics of your writing on Inscribe or with anyone else. Step 3 - Review the Concept Bank This concept bank includes the key terms and concepts covered with the class materials. Quickly review them before reading your articles so that you’ll be ready to identify them in your articles. You can also refer to these as you complete your one-pager. Protocols / Layers Physical internet, IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP, DNS Networks Fiber optic cable, copper wire, wifi, router, path, direct connection, bandwidth Packets and Routing Packet metadata, IP addresses, dynamic routing, World Wide Web Web pages, browsers, servers, domain, world wide web Internet Principles Redundancy, fault tolerance, scalability, open protocols Step 4 - Review Your Sources Review the three sources provided or additional ones you find online. For each source take notes on instances when your impacted groups are mentioned or technical details are explained. Source Notes on Impacted Groups Notes on Technical Details The digital divide: Those lacking internet access can be products of lack of education, income, and a racial factor. In 1997 to 1998 the NTIA conducted a study that showed the gap in computer usage and Internet access widened 7.8% and 25% between those with the most and least education. Another study by NTIA stated, "In the last year, the divide between the highest and lowest income groups grew 29%" In paragraph 7, it stated "The difference in computer usage grew by 39.2% between White and Black households and by 42.6% between White and Hispanic households in the period between 1994 and 1998" ISP's must take lead on closing the digital divide Internet service providers that need to step up and help those with low income and do not have access with high speed internet. 1- ISPs can improve affordable offers in the cost range of $15-20 a month. 2- ISP's should welcome those that are in a low income household instead of upselling them 3- ISP's must advertise the fact that they are eligible to low income households 4- The state should assist ISP's by informing people about the reduced internet pricing. CIS 194: Cloud Foundations 2

Copy of Assignment:Internet Dilemmas Schools and Libraries can act now to bridge the Digital divide Libraries and Schools now have a window of opportunity to help their students and their parents obtain affordable internet access and bridge the digital divide. The Emergency Connectivity Fund program will make $7.17 billion available to fund broadband service and devices off-campus. This is the largest single effort in our nation's history to make sure students have access to broadband. The FCC's Emergency Connectivity Fund requires schools and libraries to certify that their funding will support students, staff, and patrons who would otherwise lack adequate broadband access. "All roads lead back to documentation of unmet need," says Deb Kriate, chair of the State E-rate Coordinators' Alliance. Name(s)_______________________________________________ Date ___________________ Internet Dilemma Policy two-pager To complete this assignment, fill in each of the sections below. All text in italics is included to explain how to fill in the sections and can be deleted before you submit. Core Question Copy and paste this directly from your dilemma above Impacted Groups Fill in the table below with your Impacted Groups. You may optionally add new groups or split one of the ones assigned into smaller subgroups if it will help better explain who’s involved in the dilemma. Impacted Group and Description Interests, Benefits, and Harms Group 1: Those lacking internet access • People with a lack of education. Research has shown that people with an education and degree are more likely to have internet access. • Those in low income households. Studies show that income is the reason for the digital divide is that people cannot afford the internet. • People of color. NTIA studies have shown that there is a very big divide between people of color and white people. • Because of this dilemma, there has been a 25% increase in the digital divide between those who do and do not lack internet access. People that lack education, come from low income households and people of color are the ones that lack internet the most. • A study by NTIA stated, "In the last year, the divide between the highest and lowest income groups grew 29%". This shows that to low income households, the internet is not affordable or accessible. In the span of 4 years, the difference in computer usage grew by 39.2% between White and Black households and 2.6% between CIS 194: Cloud Foundations 3

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Copy of Assignment:Internet Dilemmas White and Hispanic households. Group 2: Internet Service providers ○ AT&T T-Mobile ○ Verizon ○ ISP's that are more than able to provide more affordable prices to those that come from low income householdsds. ○ Internet Service Providers need to step up their game when it comes to affordable prices. Many ISPs can make their price range between $15-20 a month. Doing this may cause a harm in the amount of income they get but it is also a benefit because they are still getting business. ○ Many ISP's end up upselling their customers instead of welcoming them. This is a big problem because it limits people from taking the chance to get internet. ○ ISP's tend to not advertise their affordable internet to the families that need it. Doing this does not impact or help the digital divide. Group 3: Libraries and Schools ○ Libraries in neighborhoods that have a lot of low income families there. ○ Schools that educate students that have low income families ○ The Emergency Connectivity Fund program is a benefit to help the Digital divide shrink. It will make $7.17 billion available to fund broadband service and devices off-campus. This helps many families be eligible to internet. ○ The FCC's Emergency Connectivity Fund requires schools and libraries certify that their funding will support students, staff, and patrons who would otherwise lack adequate broadband access. Technical Background Explain the technical background necessary to understand the problem. Include: In today'sp modern world, we wouldn’t be able to go without the internet. Every day we browse the World Wide Web. We search for information, play games, and watch many streaming platforms everyday using the internet networks. Regardless, there are still many people that do not have access to the internet. The division between people that do and do not have the internet is called the Digital Divide. Things that cause the digital divide are: lack of education, low income, and racial factors. It has been proven that the divide between the highest and lowest income groups grew 29%. After a study conducted by the NTIA it has been shown that “The difference in computer usage grew by 39.2% Computer Science Principles 38 between White and Black households and by 42.6% between White and Hispanic households”. The digital divide is a big problem, especially now, when children do not have access to the internet. Many assignments for school are now online and children will need the internet to access them. ● Background on layers / protocols / principles of the Internet necessary to understand the dilemma ● Use the concept bank on the first page to help brainstorm ideas to include. A strong description will reference several of these concepts ● Make sure your descriptions are approachable for your candidate, who does not have as strong of a background in the way the Internet works ● This can be completed in bullets Recommended Policy Solution Give a recommendation for what policy or solution your candidate should advocate for. Your solution could be a law CIS 194: Cloud Foundations 4

Copy of Assignment:Internet Dilemmas that should be passed or repealed, a government policy, or a technological solution your candidate should promote. Recommended Policy: In at most two sentences summarize the solution / action your candidate should support Pros / Who Benefits ● Can be bullets ● Children in school ● Adults in a workplace ● Low income households ● People with a lack of education ● People of color ● Cons / Who is Harmed? ● Can be bullets ● ISP’s that feel like they’re being taken advantage ● of. ● CIS 194: Cloud Foundations 5

Copy of Assignment:Internet Dilemmas Category Extensive Evidence Convincing Evidence Limited Evidence No Evidence Completed research guide demonstrates use of multiple sources Research guide indicates referencing three or more sources. provided are referenced All three provided sources are referenced Only one or two sources were referenced No evidence that sources were used Interests, benefits, and harms of all impacted groups are clearly explained Interests, benefits, and harms for all groups, including possibly additional groups beyond the required three, are provided. Interests, benefits, and harms of most groups are provided and accurate. Interests, benefits, and harms are either limited, inaccurate, or incomplete. No description of impacts on different groups Technical details reflect an accurate and detailed understanding of the internet Extensive technical details are provided demonstrating broad understanding of how the internet works Many technical details are provided that accurately reflect how the internet works Few technical details provided. Some may be inaccurate. No technical details provided Technical details are clear and described for a non-technical audience All technical details are clear and easily read by a non-technical audience Most of the technical details provided can be understood by a non-technical audience Many of the technical details provided are confusing to a non-technical audience No technical details provided A clear policy recommendation is provided that is justifiable based on other information in the one-pager Policy recommendation is justifiable and clear based on information in both other sections of one-pager Policy recommendation is clear but some aspects may not build upon information elsewhere in the one-pager Policy recommendation provided but is disconnected from other information in one-pager No policy recommendation provided Reasonable benefits and harms of the policy choice on different impacted groups are provided Benefits and harms to all impacted groups are clearly explained Benefits and harms to most impacted groups are clearly explained Benefits and harms are limited or not tied to specific groups No benefits and harms are provided CIS 194: Cloud Foundations 6

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