Larry -Watson Week 1 Writing Assignment CSI EFFECT 3 FEB 2020

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Running Head: CSI EFFECT 1 CSI Effect Larry Watson CRJ 311: Forensics Professor Ginger Devine Date February 3, 2020

2 CSI EFFECT Evaluates the Evolution of Forensic Science Forensic science has evolved over the past few decades, and more of the technology is being used in the court room throughout the world in so many aspects of the criminal justice system. The first documented autopsy was performed by the physician Antitaus on Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. (Martinez, 2012). As we progress into the twenty first century, we now have technologies that can reconstruct a crime scene for law enforcement and provide them with a more comprehensive insight of what allegedly occurred at the crime scene. “Historically, forensic science has been used primarily in two phases of the criminal-justice process investigation, which seeks to identify the likely perpetrator of a crime, and prosecution, which seeks to prove the guilt of a defendant beyond a reasonable doubt” Science and Technology (2016, September). Forensic science plays a major role in our society as a whole; the majority of law enforcement officers routine is highly dependent on the advancement of the forensic science technology. Identifies Examples of Scientific Methods That Have Been Disproven An example that was tested and disproven is the polygraph. “This technique is inaccurate because an individual taking the test will be nervous and their blood pressure and their nerves will have an adverse impact on the questions they are being asked. “The scientific method requires that all theories have to be testable in some way those that can’t are not considered scientific theories” Gaensslen, R. E., & Larsen, K. (2019). My point is that the scientific method is not plausible and, in some instance, will probably be dismissed by our crime justice system.

3 CSI EFFECT Explains the Peer Review Process There is numerous difference in the way peer review is completed and the legitimacy. In most peer reviews the authors identity is concealed from the reviewer, and vice versa, the reviewer journal is also concealed from the author. “The peer review process, in chapter one it states that it is important when it involves science”. The purpose for it is to ensure that there is no biases in the scientific competition, personal dislikes, and likes will not have any effect on the outcome. “ Forensic reports and statements are checked through a process of technical and administrative review, ostensibly to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the opinion and associated documentation” Ballantyne, K. N., Edmond, G., & Found, B. (2017). By no means is this a perfect system, but it has been serving the scientific community for numerous decades. Compares and Contrasts Common Perceptions to the Realities of Forensic Science The CSI effect can influence people watching television programs like NCIS and Criminal Minds that make them have an unrealistic belief about how crime scene investigations are conducted and controlled by producers of the Television program. Which is totally unrealistic specially when they show one person single handedly solving the entire case without any assistance. In real life the forensic investigation is long and complex that requires a complete team effort from law enforcement and forensic experts, in order for the case to be solved. Explains the CSI Effect There are numerous worries when it comes to legitimate concerns of the CSI effect. Case in point, it can affect future jurors believing that cases in real life are like the ones they watch on television, because it makes people want to become a forensics scientist for the wrong reasons, and also make people believe that they can get away with certain crimes such as murder. “When a scientific test is available that would produce evidence of guilt or innocence but the

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4 CSI EFFECT prosecution chooses not to perform that test and present its results to the jury it may be reasonable for a jury to doubt the strength of the government's case” (Shelton, D. E. (2008, March). To me that is a legitimate concern of the CSI effect. The CSI effect has a major impact in the courtroom in numerous ways, by the way juries are influence by the evidence that is provided by the CSI effect. Evaluates What Impact the CSI Effect Has or Does Not Have on the Forensic Field and Criminal Justice System. The first element of the criminal justice system that the CSI effect is on our law enforcement system. The TV shows portrayal that the crime labs are the ones that solves all of the crimes when in all actuality it is the law enforcement detective who is responsible for the gathering of evidence for the prosecutor to prove his/her case without reasonable doubt. All of the television crime show will have an impact on law enforcement. “These programs portray actual cases, but only after extensively editing the content and incorporating narration for dramatic effect” Shelton, D. E. (2008, March). The second element of the criminal justice system that the CSI effect is on our court system. The prosecutors are expected to provide more evidence that is more than likely due to the CSI effect. Juries want to see the type of evidence they have seen on television, such DNA samples of the defendant and sometimes it is not possible due some of the shortage of resources by the jurisdiction that the crime occurred in. Lack of resources can hurt the prosecutors case. Evaluates the Impact of Junk Science, Real or Perceived, on the Forensic Field and Criminal Justice. The CSI effect can influence people watching television programs like NCIS, Criminal Minds that make them have an unrealistic belief about how crime scene investigations are conducted and controlled. “ Erroneous convictions, like most catastrophic mistakes in the criminal justice system, are rarely caused by a single identifiable act or weakness. Instead,

5 CSI EFFECT multiple failures in the process can lead to a negative outcome” J.B. Gould, J. Carrano, R. Leo, and J. Young (2013). Flawed evidence that is given can be known as junk science. Conclusion Forensic science in the 21 st Century and the criminal justice system has evolved and has become a force multiplier in solving crimes that deliver plausible evidence in court. Forensic science has helped law enforcement collect and examine evidence at the crime scene and has aid in preventing further criminals from committing more crimes.

6 CSI EFFECT Reference Ballantyne, K. N., Edmond, G., & Found, B. (2017). Peer review in forensic science . Forensic Science International , 277 , 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.020 Berman, T. (Producer). (2010). Burned: Three alleged arson cases investigated [Streaming video]. In D. Sloan (Executive Producer), 20/20. Retrieved from Films on Demand database. Gaensslen, R. E., & Larsen, K. (2019). Introductory forensic science (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://content.ashford.edu/ J.B. Gould, J. Carrano, R. Leo, and J. Young, Predicting Erroneous Convictions: A Social Science Approach to Miscarriages of Justice , Final Technical Report, NCJ 241839 (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 2013). Shelton, D. E. (2008, March). The ‘CSI effect:’ Does it really exist? (Links to an external site.) NIJ Journal , 259. Retrieved from https://www.nij.gov/journals/259/pages/csi-effect.aspx#author

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