Deborah Boyanski Assignment 2 POSC 330

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1 Deborah Boyanski Assignment 2 CJAD 330 November 3, 2021 .

2 The Department of Homeland Security has been developed and designed to protect the citizens of the United States against various threats. Moreover, its responsibilities are shared across the country (Cole, 2013). Its duties range from cybersecurity, emergency response, border control, and aviation security. This office came to be after the September 11, 2001 terror attacks that happened in the United States. Governor Tom Ridge was appointed as the first director of the Department of Homeland Security by the White House. The office was meant to protect the country against terrorism and respond to future attacks on American soil. The Homeland Security Act passed by Congress in November 2002 made the department a stand-alone, cabinet-level department. Furthermore, its establishment led to the combination of 22 distinct federal departments and agencies into a single agency. The national strategy for Homeland Security has four primary areas of responsibility. The first one is to prevent and disrupt terror attacks and promote security in the region. The second goal of the department is to protect the American people, the country’s key infrastructure and resources. The third goal is to respond to incidents that occur and recover from them (Homeland Security, 2016). The final goal of the department is to continue strengthening this foundation to promote long-term success. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), hate crime is defined as a criminal offense against another individual that is wholly or partly motivated by the offender’s bias against gender, race, sexual orientation, disability, religion, or ethnicity. Hate crimes statutes are enforced across all American states but they vary by definition across jurisdictions concerning bias motivations. The US Department of Justice (DOJ) works to prevent and fight hate crimes across the country through education, technical assistance, providing support, and through funding of the tribal, local, and state enforcement agencies.

3 There are various examples of hate crime. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many Asian Americans faced racial bias and reported many cases of hate crimes. The surge of these cases was further fueled by Donald Trump’s remarks of calling the virus a Chinese virus (Campbell, 2021). Even still, many cases went unreported due to immigration status, distrust of law enforcement, and language barriers. Another instance of hate crime was when a man called Durrni perpetuated hate crime against three Muslims when he attacked and threatened them while making anti-muslim statements. Over a span of five weeks, Durrni followed a 24-year old woman and 31-year old man in Queens and punched the man in the back while pulling the woman's hijab. While doing this, the man was chanting anti-Muslim statements (Vera & Frehse, 2021). An hour later, Durrni followed a 56-year old woman and 64-year old man and committed another hate crime. To successfully maneuver through the minefields of politics in any community, a police administrator should possess various information. For instance, the police administrator has to understand how politics at the state and federal levels can affect local law enforcement (Müller, 2010). Another thing is how the dominant nature of political culture can affect the quality of law enforcement services provided, how the nature of responsibilities of the organizational structure of police departments have recently become streamlined in functionality, and the impact of the judiciary on the functionality of law enforcement. Being ignorant of these issues can land a police officer in a political landmine that can affect his or her career.

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4 References Campbell, J. C. (2021, May 6). Anti-Asian hate crimes surged in early 2021, study says. CNN. https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.cnn.com/cnn/2021/05/05/us/anti-asian-hate-crimes- study/index.html Cole, B. (2013, July 11). U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). SearchCompliance. https://www.google.com/amp/s/searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/US- Department-of-Homeland-Security-DHS%3famp=1 Homeland Security. (2016, October 4). 2007 National Strategy For Homeland Security. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/national-strategy-homeland- security-october-2007 Müller, M. M. (2010). Community Policing in Latin America: lessons from Mexico City. Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe/European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 21-37. Vera, A., & Frehse, R. (2021, July 28). NYPD says man charged in connection with 3 alleged anti-Muslim hate crimes in Queens. CNN. https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.cnn.com/cnn/2021/07/27/us/new-york-anti-muslim- hate-crime/index.html

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