Chemistry week 2 Lab

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Chamberlain College of Nursing *

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242

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Heidinette Roman OL Lab 2: Periodic Table/Ionic and Covalent Bonds Learning Objectives  Describe the structure and organization of the periodic table  Classify elements of a family based on their location in the periodic table  Distinguish metals from other element classes based on typical characteristics  Use the flame color test to identify metals based on their position in the periodic table  Explain valence electrons and oxidation state of a main group element to its position in the periodic table  Describe the main trends among groups and periods for atomic properties  Explain the causes on the atomic level for the main trends among groups and periods concerning atomic radii, ionization energy and electronegativity  Describe the formation of ionic and covalent bonds  Identify anions and cations  Apply the octet rule  Describe ionic lattice structure  Draw Lewis dot structures  Explain the formation of single, double, and triple bonds  Distinguish between ionic compounds and covalent compounds Introduction Have you ever wondered how atoms are held together? In this simulation, you will learn the basics about atomic bonding in ionic and covalent compounds, and how to distinguish those compounds experimentally. With all this knowledge, you will help your friend analyze two mysterious substances he received from an alchemist. By testing their specific physical properties, you’ll be able to identify the nature of the substances. Finally, you will learn how ions form lattice structures and how this influences the property of a compound. Test solubility and conductivity Atoms can interact in many different ways, creating new compounds with unique properties. In the first mission of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, your task is to choose appropriate laboratory equipment to test the solubility and conductivity of the two substances. You will explore how these properties differ in ionic and covalent compounds. Draw Lewis dot structures In the second part of the Ionic and Covalent Bonds simulation, you will learn about the octet rule and how to apply this to building Lewis dot structures in a virtual drawing activity. You will see that there are many ways that covalent bonds can be formed,

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: depending on the compound and electron configuration. You will also learn how to identify lone pair electron in a covalent bond. Determine melting points In the last mission, your task is to determine the melting point of the two substances by using a melting point apparatus. You will explore how your results are connected to the ability of ions to form a lattice structure. Part 1: Complete Labster lab Periodic Table of Elements: Get the table organized in time! (about 40 mins) Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. For each of the following elements, give another element in the same family (2 points) a. F- Element F is classified as a constituent of the Halogen group. Chlorine (Cl) is an extra component within this chemical group. b. Mg- Magnesium (Mg) is categorized as a constituent of the 'Alkaline Earth metals' category. Calcium (Ca) is an extra constituent of this specific group. c. C- The chemical element carbon (C) is classified as a member of the 'Carbon group' in the periodic table. Si is an additional member inside this family unit. d. S- Sulfur (S) is classified as an element belonging to the Oxygen group within the periodic table. She is an additional member inside this family unit. 2. In your own words, describe the term electronegativity Electronegativity measures an atom's tendency to attract a shared pair of electrons in a chemical connection.Fluorine has the highest electronegativity on the Pauling scale. Its electronegativity ranges from 4.0 to cesium, while francium has the lowest at 0.7. 3. In your own words, describe the term ionization energy The notion of ionization Energy is needed to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Chemical species usually lose electrons in their ground state.

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: Part 2: Complete Labster Lab Ionic and Covalent Bonds (about 40 mins) Complete all activities and answer all questions within the lab and then complete the questions below: 1. Purpose: Describe in complete sentences and in your own words, the purpose of this experiment. - This lab experiment aimed to clarify the differences between ionic and covalent bonding. Drawing Lewis Structures and understanding their principles and operations were also tested in the lab. 2. Observations: Record three observations from the simulation. I. Under ambient circumstances, the mysterious compounds solidified and showed a uniform white appearance. II. When dissolved in water, ionic compounds like potassium chloride (KCl) dissociate into their component ions. III. Conductivity testers monitor electrical conductivity of dissolved compounds in aqueous solutions. 3. In your own words, explain the term Ionic bond Ionic bonds form when electrons move between metallic and non-metallic elements. 4. In your own words, explain the term Covalent bond A covalent bond is formed when two nonmetal atoms share electrons. 5. For each of the below, predict the expected ion each could become by giving the charges (2 points) a. O: 2- b. Li2: 1+ c. Mg: 2+ d. N: 3-

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CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: 6. For each of the molecules below, determine what molecular shape you would expect a. HCN: Linear b. PCl 3: Trigonal Pyramidal 7. Reflection: Consider what you learned from this simulation. Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab relate to a real world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences). I learned about chemical bonding between atoms through this lab experiment. Metal complexes are insoluble in aqueous solutions because disrupting their interatomic connections requires a lot of energy. The investigation showed that caffeine molecules had covalently linked atoms.This experiment may be relevant to my future career as a nurse because understanding the chemical composition of drugs and therapies is essential to their administration. Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Part I Complete Periodic Table simulation 10 Part II Complete Ionic and Covalent Bonding simulation 10 Part III Complete lab report and answer questions  Purpose (1 point)  Observation (7 points)  Questions (5 points)  Reflection (2 points) 15 Total Complete all lab activities 35

CHEM120 OL, Week 2 Lab Name: