M5 Exam

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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QuesƟon 1 (Chapter 4.1): Show the determinaƟon of the charge on the ion formed by the Se34 atom, the As33 atom and the Ge32 atom. Answer: Se34 (nonmetal = gain electrons) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4 gain 2e → Se-2 As33 (nonmetal = gain electrons) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 gain 3 → As-3 Ge32 (metal = lose electrons) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2 lose 4 → Ge+4 QuesƟon 2: (a) H = 2.1 Li = 1.0 Be = 1.5 B = 2.0 C = 2.5 N = 3.0 O= 3.5 F = 4.0 Na = 1.0 Mg = 1.2 Al = 1.5 Si = 1.8 P = 2.1 S = 2.5 Cl = 3.0 K = 0.8 Ca = 1.0 Ga = 1.6 Ge = 1.8 As = 2.0 Se = 2.4 Br = 2.8 Using the electronegaƟviƟes from the table above, show the determinaƟon of the polarity of each different type of bond in the following molecule: H C=O | H Answer: H-C bond electronegaƟvity difference = 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4 <0.5 (bond is Nonpolar) C-O bond electronegaƟvity difference = 3.5 - 2.5 = 1.0 1.6 - 0.5 (bond is Polar) (b) Using the electronegaƟvity values from the equaƟon bank, show the determinaƟon of the polarity of each different type of bond in the following molecules: 1) H−O−Cl−O |
O 2) H−C≡N Answer: 1) Cl-O bond electronegativity difference = 3.5 - 3.0 = 0.5 (1.6 - 0.5 bond is Polar) H-O bond electronegativity difference = 3.5 - 2.1 = 1.4 (1.6 - 0.5 bond is Polar) 2) C≡N bond electronegaঞvity difference = 3.0 - 2.5 = 0.5 (1.6 - 0.5 bond is Polar) H-C bond electronegativity difference = 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4 (< 0.5 bond is Nonpolar) QuesƟon 3 (Chapter 4.3): Choose the correct Lewis structure for ClO3 -1 from the opƟons listed below. a) .. .. .. -1 O::Cl:O .. .. .. :O: .. b) .. .. .. -1 O:Cl:O .. .. .. :O: .. c) .. .. .. -1 O:Cl::O .. .. .. :O: .. d) .. .. .. -1 O::Cl::O .. .. .. :O: .. Answer : opƟon B QuesƟon 4: choose the correct Lewis structure for H2SO3 from the opƟons listed below. a) .. .. .. b) .. .. ..
H:O::S:O:H .. .. .. :O: .. H:O:S::O:H .. .. :O: .. c) .. .. .. H:O:S::O:H .. .. .. :O: .. d) .. .. .. H:O:S:O:H .. .. .. :O: .. Answer: opƟon D QuesƟon 5 (Chapter 4.4): (a) Determine the electron geometry and explain your answer for the Si atom in SiH4. Answer: The Si atom in SiH4 has 4 groups of electrons around it in its Lewis structure, therefore, its electron geometry would be tetrahedral. (b) Determine the electron geometry and explain your answer for one of the C atoms in H2CCH2. Answer: Each C atom in H2CCH2 has 3 groups of electrons around it in its Lewis structure, therefore its electron geometry would be triangular planar. Answer: a) 4 Groups of electrons around P = Tetrahedral Electron Geometry Tetrahedral Electron Geometry = sp3 HybridizaƟon of P 3 atoms around central Tetrahedral atom = Triangular pyramid shape P-H bond (2.1-2.1) is nonpolar = all nonpolar bonds = Nonpolar molecular polarity b) 2 Groups of electrons around C = Linear Electron Geometry Linear Electron Geometry = sp HybridizaƟon of C 2 atoms around central Linear atom = Linear shape
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CH bond (2.5-2.1) is nonpolar C≡N bond (3.0-2.5) is polar = at least one polar bonds = Polar molecular polarity QuesƟons 6 (chapter 4.6): (a) Determine the hybridizaƟon and explain your answer for the C atom in HCN. Answer: 1S2 2S2 2P6 C atom in HCN has 2 groups of electrons around it in its Lewis structure, therefore its hybridizaƟon would be sp (b) Determine the hybridizaƟon and explain your answer for the Si atom in SiH4 Answer: The Si atom in SiH4 has 4 groups of electrons around it in its Lewis structure, therefore, its hybridizaƟon would be sp3 QuesƟon 7 (chapter 4.4) : Determine the shape and explain your answer for PH3 Answer: The P atom in PH3 has four groups of electrons around it in its Lewis structure, therefore its electron geometry would be tetrahedral but since there are only 3 atoms around the central P atom, the shape would be a triangular pyramid. H P −H | H QuesƟon 8 (chapter 4.5): H = 2.1 Li = 1.0 Be = 1.5 B = 2.0 C = 2.5 N = 3.0 O=3.5 F=4.0 Na = 1.0 Mg = 1.2 Al = 1.5 Si = 1.8 P = 2.1 S = 2.5 Cl = 3.0 K = .8 Ca = 1.0 Ga = 1.6 Ge = 1.8 As = 2.0 Se = 2.4 Br = 2.8
Use the electronegaƟviƟes above and your knowledge of the shape of PH3 to determine the molecular polarity of PH3 explaining your answer in detail. Answer: The shape of PH3 is triangular pyramid and since the P-H bonds are all nonpolar, PH3 would be nonpolar since all the bonds are nonpolar. QuesƟon 9 (chapter 4.8) : Explain whether O2 is Polar, Ionic or Nonpolar then describe and explain whether it is soluble or insoluble in water. Answer : O2 has one nonpolar bond which makes in nonpolar and since it is nonpolar it is insoluble in water QuesƟon 10 (chapter 4.8) : Arrange the following compounds in a verƟcal list from highest boiling point (top) to lowest boiling point (boƩom) and explain your answer on the basis of whether the substance is Polar, Nonpolar, Ionic, Metallic or Hydrogen bonding: Ar, NH3, Zn, HBr, NaBr. (Note that you are not being asked to list the actual boiling points) Answer: NaBr Zn NH3 HBr Ar