Electrons in Atoms Dry Lab

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University of Central Florida *

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Name Nicholas Jimenez________________________________ Date _________ Period _____ Electron Configurations Lab Purpose: What are the patterns in electron configuration used to organize of the periodic table? Hypothesis: None required for this activity Procedure: PART I (make your own data sheet) 1. On a SEPARATE sheet of paper or on your laptop, list the ATOMIC NUMBER and the SYMBOL for the first 54 elements on the periodic table in a vertical column. H-1 1s 1 He-2 1s 2 Li-3 2s 1 Be-4 2s 2 B-5 2s 2 2p 1 C-6 2s 2 2p 2 N-7 2s 2 2p 3 O-8 2s 2 2p 4 F-9 2s 2 2p 5 Ne-10 2s 2 2p 6 Na-11 3s 1 Mg-12 3s 2 Al-13 3s 2 3p 1 Si-14 3s 2 3p 2 P-15 3s 2 3p 3 S-16 3s 2 3p 4 Cl-17 3s 2 3p 5 Ar-18 3s 2 3p 6 K-19 4s 1 Ca-20 4s 2 Sc-21 3d 1 4s 2 Ti-22 3d 2 4s 2 V-23 3d 3 4s 2 Cr-24 3d 5 4s 1
Mn-25 3d 5 4s 2 Fe-26 3d 6 4s 2 Co-27 3d 7 4s 2 Ni-28 3d 8 4s 2 Cu-29 3d 10 4s 1 Zn-30 3d 10 4s 2 Ga-31 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1 Ge-32 3d 10 4s 2 4p 2 As-33 3d 10 4s 2 4p 3 Se-34 3d 10 4s 2 4p 4 Br-35 3d 10 4s 2 4p 5 Kr-36 3d 10 4s 2 4p 6 Rb-37 5s 1 Sr-38 5s 2 Y-39 4d 1 5s 2 Zr-40 4d 2 5s 2 Nb-41 4d 4 5s 1 Mo-42 4d 5 5s 1 Tc-43 4d 5 5s 2 Ru-44 4d 7 5s 1 Rh-45 4d 8 5s 1 Pd-46 4d 10 Ag-47 4d 10 5s 1 Cd-48 4d 10 5s 2 In-49 4d 10 5s 2 5p 1 Sn-50 4d 10 5s 2 5p 2 Sb-51 4d 10 5s 2 5p 3 Te-52 4d 10 5s 2 5p 4 I-53 4d 10 5s 2 5p 5 Xe-54 4d 10 5s 2 5p 6 2. To the right of each element, write the ELECTRON CONFIGURATION PART II 3. On the ATTACHED DATA SHEET #1, list in the appropriate VERTICAL columns the SYMBOL and ATOMIC NUMBER of the elements that have the following patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atom:
A: the END of the configuration is “s 1 ” (ending in 1s 1 or 2s 1 or 3s 1 , etc.) B: ends in “s 2 C: ends in “p 1 D: ends in “p 2 E: ends in “p 3 F: ends in “p 4 G: ends in “p 5 H: ends in “p 6 PART III 4. On the ATTACHED DATA SHEET #2, list the following in each ROW: A: In the first row, list all the elements that end with electrons in the 3d orbitals , but have NO 4p electrons. B: In the second row, list all the elements that have end with electrons in the 4d orbitals , but have NO 5p electrons. Data: see data sheets Conclusion (answer analysis questions, to help with conclusion): conclusion will be a general statement of what was learned, reflecting the purpose. Analysis Questions : Answer the following questions: 1) How does your Data Sheet 1 compare with the periodic table? Explain any similarities or differences. The Data Sheet 1 has all of the elements in the exact same order as the periodic table except the transition metals are not included (the elements in the valley). The Data sheet doesn’t contain the mass of the elements. You can find exact elements on both the periodic table and the Data Sheet 1 by using the rows and the groups. 2) Which element does not appear to be in the correct place in your data sheet compared to the periodic table? Explain why it is in a different place on the periodic table. Helium is in a different spot since it is a noble gas 3) Compare Data Sheet 2 with the periodic table. Explain what part of the periodic table is similar. The 2 two top rows on the valley are accurately represented on the Data Sheet 2 4) Explain why are there 10 elements in each row of Data Sheet 2? Because the periodic table has 10 elements in each row when you look at the top 2 rows of the valley 5) Write the electron configurations for the following elements: Cs, La, Pb, Rn. Predict the vertical column or horizontal row where these elements would fit into the charts on data sheet #1 or #2. State a reason for the prediction. Cs=6s1 La=5d1 6s2 Pb=6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2 Rn= 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Cs would be in the first column La wouldn’t be in any of the columns, Pb would be in the fourth column, Rn would be in the last column
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6) Look at the highest energy level electrons in your original electron configurations. How many total valence electrons do you observe for each element in columns A-H on Data Sheet 2? How does that compare with what you have already learned about valence electrons and the groups on the periodic table? The total of all of the valence electrons of all of the rows are 39 and it compares with what we learned about valence electrons and the groups on the periodic table because I used the groups to find the subscripts and then I added up all of the valence electrons of every element then I got my total and that’s exactly how you can do it on the periodic table as well DATA SHEET #1 A S 1 B S 2 C P 1 D P 2 E P 3 F P 4 G P 5 H P 6 H-1, Li-3, Na-11, K-19, Cr-24, Cu-29, Rb-37, Nb-41, Mo-42, Ru-44, Rh-45, Ag-47 He-2, Be-4. Mg-12,  Ca-20, Sc-21, Ti-22, V-23, Mn-25, Fe-26, Co-27, Ni-28, Zn-30, Sr-38, Y-39, Zr-40, Tc-43, Cd-48 B-5, Al-13, Ga-31, In-49 C-6, Si-14, Ge-32, Sn-50 N-7, P-15, As-33, Sb-51 O-8, S-16, Se-34, Te-52 F-9, Cl-17, Br-35, I-53 Ne-10, Ar-18, Kr-36, Xe-54
Electron Configurations Lab DATA SHEET #2 16 3d Sc-21 Ti-22 Cr-24 V-23 Zn-30 Mn-25 Fe-26 Co-27 Ni-28 Cu-29
Y-39 Zr-40 Nb-41 Mo-42 Tc-43 Ru-44 Rh-45 Pd-46 Ag-47 Cd-48 4d 23
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